Symptom profiles of DSM-IV-defined remission, recovery, relapse, and recurrence of depression: the role of the core symptoms

Depression and Anxiety
Henk Jan ConradiPeter de Jonge

Abstract

Depression outcomes in research and clinical practice are commonly defined by the concepts of remission, recovery, relapse, and recurrence. Despite their widespread use, there has been little empirical examination of these concepts. Therefore, we investigated profiles of individual symptoms during each of these phases of depression. In a 3-year prospective study of 267 depressed primary care patients, we established the presence or absence of the individual DSM-IV depressive symptoms week-by-week during DSM-IV-defined remissions, recoveries, relapses, and recurrences. We measured symptoms in 12 quarterly assessments using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Remissions were characterized by double the proportion of time that the core symptoms were present compared to the initial phase of recoveries after a major depressive episode (MDE; 59 versus 32%; Z = -3.03; P = .002). Before a relapse, remissions again showed elevated levels of core symptoms in comparison to the final phase of recoveries before a recurrence (58 versus 26%; Z = -2.99; P = .003). Compared with the initial and final phases of recoveries, remissions showed a consistently higher level of core symptoms. Clinically, this means that unresolved core sy...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 4, 2013·International Journal of Clinical Oncology·Christopher F SharpleyVicki Bitsika
Oct 25, 2013·European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry·Elise C BennikAlbertine J Oldehinkel
Dec 18, 2013·Biological Psychiatry·Michael L RohanBruce M Cohen
Jan 7, 2014·Depression and Anxiety·Klaas J WardenaarPeter de Jonge
Apr 24, 2014·Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·D AdamoM D Mignogna
May 9, 2016·Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·G NeriC Ripellino
Jul 21, 2021·Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology·Samantha N SherwoodAndrew J Freeman

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