Symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder but not panic disorder at age 15 years increase the risk of depression at 18 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort study.

Psychological Medicine
S J C DaviesJ Evans

Abstract

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder (PD) differ in their biology and co-morbidities. We hypothesized that GAD but not PD symptoms at the age of 15 years are associated with depression diagnosis at 18 years. Using longitudinal data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort we examined relationships of GAD and PD symptoms (measured by the Development and Well-Being Assessment) at 15 years with depression at 18 years (by the Clinical Interview Schedule - Revised) using logistic regression. We excluded adolescents already depressed at 15 years and adjusted for social class, maternal education, birth order, gender, alcohol intake and smoking. We repeated these analyses following multiple imputation for missing data. In the sample with complete data (n = 2835), high and moderate GAD symptoms in adolescents not depressed at 15 years were associated with increased risk of depression at 18 years both in unadjusted analyses and adjusting for PD symptoms at 15 years and the above potential confounders. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for depression at 18 years in adolescents with high relative to low GAD scores was 5.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0-9.1, overall p < 0.0001]. There wer...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 7, 2018·Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology : the Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53·Andrea Chronis-TuscanoDanielle R Novick
Mar 31, 2019·Developmental Science·Patricia Beloe, Nazanin Derakshan
Jul 30, 2018·European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry·Josefa CanalsVictoria Arija
Apr 12, 2020·Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry·Eszter SzekelyAshley Wazana
Mar 20, 2018·Journal of Psychiatric Research·Mashhood Ahmed SheikhBrendon Stubbs

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