PMID: 18422090Apr 22, 2008Paper

Syncope in infants and adolescents

Medicina
Sergio A Antoniuk

Abstract

To review the syncope in infants and adolescents as well as its etiology, clinical manifestations, physiopathology, diagnostic methods and treatment. The syncope is a clinical entity characterized by sudden and transient loss of consciousness and postural tone, with a quick and complete recovery. The syncope is frequent in children and adolescents. The most common cause is neurocardiogenic (vasovagal), which has a benign evolution. Other causes may be neurological, cardiac and metabolic diseases, with a variable prognosis, which may come to be severe and potentially lethal. Evaluation of the syncope is mainly based on present clinical history, and on a detailed clinical examination. Basic complementary exams may help on the diagnosis, as a glycemia test, determination of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium), a hemogram and an electrocardiogram. The Tilt Test is "the" test to confirm the neurocardiogenic syncope. Treatment is indicated in syncopes with recurrent episodes or with risk of physical lesions. Prevention and education are indicated for all patients. Specific treatment should be individually given to each patient. In the case of neurocardiogenic syncope, beta-blockers, alpha-adrenergic stimulants, serotonin reup...Continue Reading

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