Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling Studies of Chiral Chloroquine Analogues as Antimalarial Agents

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Srinivasarao KondaparlaSeturam B Katti

Abstract

In a focused exploration, we designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated chiral conjugated new chloroquine (CQ) analogues with substituted piperazines as antimalarial agents. In vitro as well as in vivo studies revealed that compound 7c showed potent activity (in vitro 50% inhibitory concentration, 56.98 nM for strain 3D7 and 97.76 nM for strain K1; selectivity index in vivo [up to at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg of body weight], 3,510) as a new lead antimalarial agent. Other compounds (compounds 6b, 6d, 7d, 7h, 8c, 8d, 9a, and 9c) also showed moderate activity against a CQ-sensitive strain (3D7) and superior activity against a CQ-resistant strain (K1) of Plasmodium falciparum Furthermore, we carried out docking and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies of all in-house data sets (168 molecules) of chiral CQ analogues to explain the structure-activity relationships (SAR). Our new findings specify the significance of the H-bond interaction with the side chain of heme for biological activity. In addition, the 3D-QSAR study against the 3D7 strain indicated the favorable and unfavorable sites of CQ analogues for incorporating steric, hydrophobic, and electropositive groups to improve the anti...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 21, 2019·Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry·Tarawanti VermaNitin Bansal
Oct 1, 2019·SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research·J Devillers, H Devillers
Dec 29, 2020·Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery·Probir Kumar OjhaKunal Roy
Jul 31, 2020·Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry·Neelottama Kushwaha, C S Sharma

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