PMID: 9552999May 16, 1998Paper

Systematic review of dietary intervention trials to lower blood total cholesterol in free-living subjects

BMJ : British Medical Journal
J L TangH A Neil

Abstract

To estimate the efficacy of dietary advice to lower blood total cholesterol concentration in free-living subjects and to investigate the efficacy of different dietary recommendations. Systematic overview of 19 randomised controlled trials including 28 comparisons. Free-living subjects. Individualised dietary advice to modify fat intake. Percentage difference in blood total cholesterol concentration between the intervention and control groups. The percentage reduction in blood total cholesterol attributable to dietary advice after at least six months of intervention was 5.3% (95% confidence interval 4.7% to 5.9%). Including both short and long duration studies, the effect was 8.5% at 3 months and 5.5% at 12 months. Diets equivalent to the step 2 diet of the American Heart Association were of similar efficacy to diets that aimed to lower total fat intake or to raise the polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio. These diets were moderately more effective than the step 1 diet of the American Heart Association (6.1% v 3.0% reduction in blood total cholesterol concentration; P<0.0001). On the basis of reported food intake, the targets for dietary change were seldom achieved. The observed reductions in blood total cholesterol con...Continue Reading

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