Systemic up-regulation of TLR4 causes lipopolysaccharide-induced augmentation of nasal cytokine release in allergic rhinitis

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
A-K EkmanL O Cardell

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis is a systemic disorder, and it is clinically well recognized that it can be aggravated by infection. Activation of the innate immune system constitutes a critical element in the process. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise a part of the innate immune system, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of TLR4 represents bacterial-induced interactions in various model systems. The present study examines how TLR2 and TLR4 expression is affected by symptomatic allergic rhinitis, and if LPS added upon allergen affects nasal cytokine release. In patients with pollen-induced allergic rhinitis and healthy non-allergic volunteers, nasal lavage (NAL), peripheral blood and bone marrow were sampled before and during the pollen season. TLR2 and TLR4 expression was determined flow cytometrically. Changes in the TLR receptor expression pattern were evaluated by a nasal challenge with allergen followed by LPS, or vice versa. Symptoms along with cells and cytokines in NAL were analyzed. TLR4 expression increased in leukocytes in NAL, peripheral blood and bone marrow during symptomatic allergic rhinitis. A similar increase was seen for TLR2 in neutrophils in blood. Nasal challenge with allergen followed by LPS augmented th...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 5, 2013·The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology·Terese HylanderLars Olaf Cardell
Aug 7, 2014·Allergologia et immunopathologia·M RadmanD Kennedy
Mar 3, 2017·Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology·D TworekJ A Denburg
Jan 17, 2012·Immunology·Anne Månsson Kvarnhammar, Lars Olaf Cardell
Jun 27, 2020·American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy·Yun-Fang AnPing-Chang Yang
Dec 8, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Max E KirtlandMohamed H Shamji

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