PMID: 9182680Jun 16, 1997Paper

T cell stimulation in vivo by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
D F ToughJ Sprent

Abstract

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria causes polyclonal activation of B cells and stimulation of macrophages and other APC. We show here that, under in vivo conditions, LPS also induces strong stimulation of T cells. As manifested by CD69 upregulation, LPS injection stimulates both CD4 and CD8(+) T cells, and, at high doses, stimulates naive (CD44(lo)) cells as well as memory (CD44(hi)) cells. However, in terms of cell division, the response of T cells after LPS injection is limited to the CD44(hi) subset of CD8(+) cells. In contrast with B cells, proliferative responses of CD44(hi) CD8(+) cells require only very low doses of LPS (10 ng). Based on studies with LPS-nonresponder and gene-knockout mice, LPS-induced proliferation of CD44(hi) CD8(+) cells appears to operate via an indirect pathway involving LPS stimulation of APC and release of type I (alpha, beta) interferon (IFN-I). Similar selective stimulation of CD44(hi) CD8(+) cells occurs in viral infections and after injection of IFN-I, implying a common mechanism. Hence, intermittent exposure to pathogens (gram-negative bacteria and viruses) could contribute to the high background proliferation of memory-phenotype CD8(+) cells found in normal animals.

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Citations

Nov 16, 2006·Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII·Nicolai LeonhartsbergerMartin Thurnher
Aug 17, 2000·Springer Seminars in Immunopathology·S SunJ Sprent
Sep 28, 2012·Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology·Joanna HomaMagdalena Chadzinska
Dec 5, 2008·Journal of Clinical Immunology·Jens WrammertRafi Ahmed
Jun 14, 2005·Cellular Immunology·Damo XuFoo Y Liew
Apr 14, 2005·Seminars in Immunology·Charles D Surh, Jonathan Sprent
Nov 15, 2002·Molecular Immunology·James LodolceAveril Ma
Jul 10, 1998·Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology·D F Tough, J Sprent
Jan 16, 2003·Immunology Letters·Jonathan Sprent, Charles D Surh
Mar 5, 1999·Immunology Letters·J SprentD Tough
Feb 26, 2000·Vaccine·D F ToughJ Sprent
Mar 3, 2001·Current Opinion in Immunology·J Sprent, C D Surh
Feb 5, 2002·Microbes and Infection·Charles D Surh, Jonathan Sprent
Apr 12, 2003·Microbes and Infection·Jonathan Sprent
Sep 11, 2002·Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews·Shinsuke Taki
Oct 29, 2002·Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews·James P LodolceAveril Ma
May 5, 2010·Immunology and Cell Biology·Javier Vega-RamosPilar Lauzurica
Jun 6, 2002·Immunology·Marion Berard, David F Tough
Jul 27, 2001·Parasite Immunology·M J TaylorK Bilo
May 31, 2001·Immunology and Cell Biology·J Sprent
Mar 27, 2002·Hepatology : Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases·Yoshiaki ShimizuM Wayne Flye
Mar 3, 2001·The New England Journal of Medicine·T Kamradt, N A Mitchison
Aug 1, 2003·Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology·C R Pradeep, G Kuttan
Dec 22, 1998·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·S SunJ Sprent
Oct 9, 2002·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Adam D JudgeJonathan Sprent
May 7, 2003·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Enric EspluguesPilar Lauzurica
Feb 20, 2003·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Iris CaramalhoJocelyne Demengeot
Sep 18, 2001·Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research : the Official Journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research·A J SchlueterX Li
Aug 20, 2002·Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research : the Official Journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research·Annette J SchlueterXiang Li
Dec 20, 2003·The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences·Anavelys Ortiz-Suárez, Richard A Miller
May 4, 2000·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·J SprentD Tough
Nov 24, 1999·Immunological Reviews·D F ToughJ Sprent

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