T cells and ILC2s are major effector cells in influenza-induced exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation in mice

European Journal of Immunology
Bobby W S LiRudi W Hendriks

Abstract

Influenza virus infection is an important cause of severe asthma exacerbations, but it remains unclear how a Th1-mediated antiviral response triggers a prototypical Th2 disease. We investigated CD4+ T cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in influenza virus-infected mice. We found that ILC2s accumulated in the lung rapidly after influenza virus infection, but the induction of IL-5 and IL-13 secretion was delayed and concomitant with T cell activation. In an influenza-induced exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation model we noticed an initial reduction of ILC2 numbers and cytokine production in broncho-alveolar lavage compared to chronic house dust mite (HDM)-mediated airway inflammation alone. ILC2s phenotype was characterized by low T1/ST2, ICOS, KLRG1, and CD25 expression, resembling naïve ILC2s. The contribution of ILC2s to type 2 cytokine production in the early stage of the influenza-induced exacerbation was limited. In contrast, T cells showed increased IL-4 and IL-5 production when exposed to both HDM and influenza virus. Upon virus clearance, ILC2s regained an activated T1/ST2high ICOShigh KLRG1high CD25high phenotype paired with cytokine production and were major contributors to the type 2 cytokine milie...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 6, 2019·The European Respiratory Journal·Prasad NagakumarSejal Saglani
Feb 23, 2019·Cellular & Molecular Immunology·Rama Krishna Gurram, Jinfang Zhu
Oct 16, 2019·Journal of Immunology Research·Prem P Lamichhane, Amali E Samarasinghe
Sep 26, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Hanaa Ahmed-HassanNamal P M Liyanage
Aug 23, 2020·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Yosuke FukudaHironori Sagara
Dec 22, 2020·Clinical & Translational Immunology·Marina GarcíaUNKNOWN Karolinska KI/K COVID‐19 Study Group
Mar 13, 2021·Cell·Hamida Hammad, Bart N Lambrecht
Oct 27, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Helen E RichMichelle L Manni
Feb 4, 2021·Annual Review of Immunology·Noe Rodriguez-RodriguezAndrew N J McKenzie
May 7, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Wendy FonsecaCarrie-Anne Malinczak
May 18, 2021·Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology·James R BakerJessica J O'Konek

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry
confocal microscopy
PMA

Software Mentioned

FlowJo
Prism
GraphPad
ImageJ
Fiji

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