T helper 1/T helper 2 cytokine imbalance in respiratory syncytial virus infection is associated with increased endogenous plasma cortisol

Pediatrics
Ricardo A PintoPatricia V Díaz

Abstract

Cellular immunity has classically been described as the defense mechanism for viral infections. The development of cellular or humoral immune responses will depend on a repertoire of cytokines produced by numerous cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These lymphocytes can be subdivided into 2 subsets, T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2, on the basis of the cytokine profiles they synthesize. Type 1 T cells produce interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), an essential cytokine in the viral cell-mediated immune response. Th2 cells selectively produce interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-5 that participate in the development of humoral immunity and have a prominent role in immediate-type hypersensitivity. An imbalance in the Th1/Th2 cytokine immune response has been related to pathogenesis of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis and to the severity of the infection. Glucocorticosteroids have a role in inhibiting the IFN-gamma response, acting directly on T cells or indirectly through IL-12. In this way, an increase in plasma cortisol would induce a decrease in the Th1 products with the imbalance between Th1/Th2 cytokines and a shift to Th2 response. We hypothesized that there is a relationship among endogenous cortisol response in acute RSV in...Continue Reading

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