Targeting Cytokine Storm to Manage Patients with COVID-19: A Mini-Review

Archives of Medical Research
Neda RoshanravanSamad Ghaffari

Abstract

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly spreading all over the world. Excessive immune responses trigger life-threatening cytokine release syndrome (CRS) which can result in overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β with different pro-inflammatory roles. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the modulation of systemic immune responses may have a potential role in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Given the importance of the issue and the lack of therapeutic treatment or vaccine; anti-cytokine therapy such as IL-6, TNFα and IL-1 antagonists have been suggested for the alleviation of hyper-inflammation status in these patients. In this mini-review, we addressed the inflammatory pathways of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its relationship with the host cytokine storm. Furthermore, the proposed therapeutic options to reverse hyper-inflammation in infected patients were mentioned.

References

Mar 13, 2001·Annual Review of Immunology·M Feldmann, R N Maini
Mar 22, 2002·Nature Reviews. Immunology·John J O'SheaPeter Lipsky
Jan 31, 2004·Seminars in Immunology·Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira
Jan 20, 2012·Nature·Till StrowigRichard Flavell
Jul 21, 2012·Viruses·Sandrine BelouzardGary R Whittaker
Jan 4, 2013·Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI·Riccardo V D'EliaGraeme C Clark
Mar 29, 2014·The Cancer Journal·Shannon L MaudeStephan A Grupp
Oct 16, 2014·The New England Journal of Medicine·Shannon L MaudeStephan A Grupp
Apr 22, 2015·Nature Immunology·Christopher A Hunter, Simon A Jones
Apr 10, 2016·European Journal of Immunology·Noé Rodríguez-RodríguezJosé C Crispín
Jun 17, 2018·Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer·Alexander Shimabukuro-VornhagenMichael S von Bergwelt-Baildon
Feb 23, 2020·The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine·Zhe XuFu-Sheng Wang
Mar 19, 2020·The New England Journal of Medicine·Bin CaoChen Wang
Mar 21, 2020·Lancet·Puja MehtaUNKNOWN HLH Across Speciality Collaboration, UK
Mar 29, 2020·JAMA Cardiology·Mohammad MadjidOrly Vardeny
Mar 30, 2020·Cell·Yong-Zhen Zhang, Edward C Holmes
Mar 31, 2020·Clinical Immunology : the Official Journal of the Clinical Immunology Society·Wen ZhangShuyang Zhang
Apr 6, 2020·Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·J-M MichotA Stoclin
Apr 7, 2020·International Journal of Cardiology·Weiyi Tan, Jamil Aboulhosn
Apr 8, 2020·Journal of Medical Virology·Pan LuoJuan Li
Apr 8, 2020·Médecine et maladies infectieuses·Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq, Gita Vita Soraya
May 1, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Xiaoling XuHaiming Wei

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Mar 5, 2021·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie·Alena LiskovaPeter Kubatka
Mar 13, 2021·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Angela E PeterV Lakshmi Kalpana
Feb 7, 2021·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Marco FranzettiStefania Piconi
Nov 11, 2020·Experimental Gerontology·Daniel J Moreno Fernández-AyalaGuillermo López-Lluch
Dec 24, 2020·Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy·Md Jamal Hossain, S M Abdur Rahman
May 6, 2021·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Lei YangChen Liu
Jun 24, 2021·The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging·Naghmeh ZiaieDavood Mansouri
Jul 3, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Mohammad Amin Khazeei TabariRoja Rahimi
Aug 8, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Sonia EmanueleMichela Giuliano
Aug 3, 2021·Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine·Samira KafanMarzieh Pazoki
Aug 28, 2021·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie·Manoj KumarMohamed Mekhemar
Sep 17, 2021·Journal of Materials Chemistry. B, Materials for Biology and Medicine·Xi YangCheng Yi
Sep 1, 2021·Molecular Therapy. Methods & Clinical Development·Hongbo ChenQihan Li
Oct 22, 2021·Journal of Medical Virology·Moumita Manik, Rakesh K Singh

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Attention Disorders

Attention is involved in all cognitive activities, and attention disorders are reported in patients with various neurological diseases. Here are the latest discoveries pertaining to attention disorders.