Targeting glycogen synthase kinase-3 for oxidative stress and neuroinflammation: Opportunities, challenges and future directions for cerebral stroke management

Neuropharmacology
Anil Kumar Rana, Damanpreet Singh

Abstract

Cerebral stroke is a leading cause of early death and physical disability in adults throughout the world. Oxidative stress and inflammation plays an important role in the pathological process associated with the stroke. The available reperfusion therapy itself enhances the oxidative stress by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) from the neurons, as well as non-neuronal cells, thus further worsens the condition. Excessive ROS and RNS production contributes to the brain injury during or after the stroke by activating inflammatory processes. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (Gsk-3) is an evolutionary conserved serine-threonine kinase that plays an important role in cellular growth, development, inflammation and apoptosis processes. Gsk-3 is activated during the brain stroke and suppresses the expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2, an important regulator of endogenous antioxidant defence mechanism. It also modulates the expression of anti-inflammatory protein like, cAMP response element binding protein and activator protein 1. It has been found that the inhibition of Gsk-3 shows neuroprotection via reducing the oxidative stress and inflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. T...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 7, 2020·American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology·Sophie I HamstraVal A Fajardo
Mar 10, 2020·Acta Biochimica Et Biophysica Sinica·Xuhong FanJi Xiao
Feb 25, 2020·BioMed Research International·Li ZhangJunfang Teng
Mar 3, 2020·Neuromodulation : Journal of the International Neuromodulation Society·Huixian LiWeiping Cheng
Mar 10, 2020·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Danfeng LinAnwen Shao
Oct 8, 2020·Cells·Natalia Robledinos-AntónAntonio Cuadrado
Apr 15, 2019·Experimental Neurology·Yanting ChenYun Xu
Mar 31, 2021·Neurochemistry International·Satoshi HosokiMasafumi Ihara
Dec 4, 2020·Aging and Disease·Anwen ShaoJianmin Zhang

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