Telomeres and Telomerase During Human Papillomavirus-Induced Carcinogenesis

Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy
Anna PańczyszynGrzegorz Głąb

Abstract

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) belong to a small spherical virus family and are transmitted through direct contact, most often through sexual behavior. More than 200 types of HPV are known, a dozen or so of which are classified as high-risk viruses (HR HPV) and may contribute to the development of cervical cancer. HPV is a small virus with a capsid composed of L1 and L2 proteins, which are crucial for entry to the cell. The infection begins at the basal cell layer and progresses to involve cells from higher layers of the cervical epithelium. E6 and E7 viral proteins are involved in the process of carcinogenesis. They interact with suppressors of oncogenesis, including p53 and Rb proteins. This leads to DNA replication and intensive cell divisions. The persistent HR HPV infection leads to the development of dysplasia and these changes may progress to invasive cancer. During the initial stage of carcinogenesis, telomeres shorten until telomerase activates. The activation of telomerase, the enzyme necessary to extend chromosome ends (telomeres) is the key step in cell immortalization. Analyzing the expression level of hTERT and hTERC genes encoding telomerase and telomere length measurement may constitute new markers of the early c...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 17, 2019·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Yi YangFei Chen
Feb 3, 2021·Cancer Treatment and Research Communications·Ali Salimi-JedaAsghar Abdoli
Feb 11, 2020·Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology·Anna PańczyszynGrzegorz Głąb
May 29, 2021·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Basis of Disease·Fernanda Costa Brandão BertiDanielle Malheiros
Sep 18, 2021·Cancer Investigation·Naila MalkaniMuhammad Usman Rashid
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