PMID: 11924925Apr 2, 2002Paper

Telomeres and telomerase in human health and disease

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
Maty TzukermanKarl Skorecki

Abstract

Epigenetics refers to the durable changes affecting the genome of an individual during development and aging, but which are not necessarily passed on to subsequent generations. Among the best studied of these epigenetic changes is the shortening of chromosome ends or telomeres. Telomeres are specialized structures, consisting of characteristic DNA repeat sequences and the complex of associated proteins, which cap and protect chromosome ends and serve to preserve genome integrity. In most somatic cells, progressive rounds of cell division are associated with telomere shortening. Such progressive attrition of telomere length eventuates in loss of replicative capacity (cellular senescence). In order to protect the germline and the subpopulation of stem cells from senescence, mechanisms have evolved to prevent telomere attrition in these cellular compartments. The most common and best studied mechanism involves the activation of a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, known as telomerase. Activity of telomerase circumvents loss of replicative capacity, by preserving telomere length and chromosome integrity. Hence the detailed mechanisms governing the expression and activity of telomerase have been intensively studied in development and...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 5, 2013·Translational Research : the Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine·Jagannath PalMasood A Shammas

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