Abstract
Eggs (n = 139) from tawny owls (Strix aluco) were collected annually (1986-2004) in Central Norway and analyzed for organochlorines (OCs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs). p,p'-DDE (2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were the dominating contaminants (mean/median = 2.7/1.7 and 2.9/1.6 microg/g, lipid weight [l.w.], respectively), comprising 90% of the contaminant burden. Other OCs (hexachlorobenzene [HCB], hexachlorocyclohexanes [HCHs], trans-nonachlor and oxychlordane) comprised less than 4% of the contaminant burden. Concentrations of OCs dropped 74-96% during the study period; p,p'-DDE, HCB, beta-HCH, oxychlordane, and PCBs decreased rapidly in the early (1986-1989) study period (23-34% per year; mean = 27.4%), but leveled off to less than 7% (mean = 3.6%) in the late period (2001-2004). The decrease in p,p'-DDE concentrations leveled off in the early 1990s, possibly due to an early ban on the use of DDT. alpha-HCH showed the strongest decline (always > 20% per year), while trans-nonachlor and gamma-HCH dropped at a constant rate of 9% per year. Toxaphene made up less than 0.6% of the measured contaminants (mean/median = 39/13 ng/ g, l.w.), and the concentrations of these co...Continue Reading
References
Aug 31, 1999·The Science of the Total Environment·D MuirK Reimer
Dec 2, 1999·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·D MeironytéA Bergman
Dec 16, 2000·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·S E WainwrightP Thomas
Apr 9, 2001·Environmental Pollution·R F Addison, W T Stobo
Apr 27, 2001·Nature·A MysterudG Steinheim
Mar 9, 2002·Environmental Science & Technology·Terry F BidlemanSirkka Juntto
May 10, 2002·Environmental Science & Technology·Cathrine ThomsenGeorg Becher
May 10, 2002·Chemosphere·Cynthia A de Wit
Sep 7, 2002·Environmental Science & Technology·Ryan R James, Ronald A Hites
Oct 11, 2002·Ambio·Björn HelanderKerstin Litzén
Dec 19, 2002·Environmental Science & Technology·Ross J NorstromD V Chip Weseloh
Jul 10, 2003·Environment International·Robert C HaleMichael G Ikonomou
Jan 14, 2004·Environmental Science & Technology·Ulla SellströmBo Jansson
Jan 27, 2004·Environmental Science & Technology·Peter LindbergCynthia A de Wit
Jan 1, 1993·Environmental Pollution·I NewtonA Asher
Apr 20, 2004·Environmental Pollution·A BignertT Alsberg
May 26, 2004·Environmental Pollution·A KierkegaardC A De Wit
Apr 6, 2005·Environmental Pollution·Veerle JaspersMarcel Eens
Jun 25, 2005·The Science of the Total Environment·G AndersenK M Kovacs
Jul 12, 2005·Environmental Pollution·V L B JaspersP Schepens
Nov 22, 2005·Environmental Science & Technology·Katrin VorkampPeter B Sørensen
Jan 19, 2006·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Roberta BettinettiPietro Volta
Jan 26, 2006·Chemosphere·Robin J LawCynthia A de Wit
May 23, 2006·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Jennifer A GervaisRobert G Anthony
Jul 13, 2006·Environmental Science & Technology·Adrian CovaciJacob De Boer
Sep 22, 2006·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Eugen Gravningen SørmoJanneche Utne Skaare
Apr 7, 2007·Environmental Science & Technology·Da ChenRobert C Hale
Aug 24, 2007·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Ken G DrouillardDavid M Bird
Citations
Feb 24, 2011·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Qingxiang ZhouGuohong Xie
Jun 11, 2009·Ecotoxicology·Charles J HennyRobert J Letcher
Jan 20, 2011·Environmental Science & Technology·Lutz AhrensRalf Ebinghaus
Aug 17, 2011·Environmental Science & Technology·Jan O BustnesJanneche U Skaare
Nov 23, 2012·Environmental Science & Technology·John D CrosseM Glória Pereira
May 7, 2013·The Science of the Total Environment·Jan O BustnesNigel G Yoccoz
Oct 25, 2014·Cell Biology and Toxicology·Anita CatoMargaret M Whalen
Jun 15, 2016·Journal of Immunotoxicology·Sharif Anisuzzaman, Margaret M Whalen
Oct 6, 2015·Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management·Nico W van den BrinkRichard F Shore
Dec 1, 2015·Environmental Science & Technology·Hui PengJohn P Giesy
Oct 18, 2014·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Jan O BustnesNigel G Yoccoz
Jan 11, 2011·Chemosphere·Susanne EsslingerIrene Nehls
Oct 13, 2009·Environment International·Guang WangYamei Sun
Sep 2, 2009·Mass Spectrometry Reviews·Dongli Wang, Qing X Li
Nov 26, 2009·Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT·Natasha C Hinkson, Margaret M Whalen
Sep 18, 2015·Analytical Chemistry·Hui PengJohn P Giesy
Sep 24, 2013·The Science of the Total Environment·Katrin VorkampPeter B Sørensen
Mar 19, 2014·Environment International·P Gómez-RamírezC Sonne
Mar 3, 2015·Environmental Pollution·Katrin VorkampRune Dietz
Mar 27, 2012·Environmental Pollution·Huiru LiJiamo Fu
May 14, 2008·Environmental Pollution·Chakra ChaemfaKevin C Jones
Dec 3, 2014·Chemosphere·Adegbenro P DasoEgmont R Rohwer
Dec 5, 2013·The Science of the Total Environment·Igor EulaersMarcel Eens
Dec 3, 2014·Chemosphere·Jan O BustnesNigel G Yoccoz
Apr 17, 2012·Chemosphere·P Gómez-RamírezN W van den Brink
Dec 4, 2014·Chemosphere·Irene de la Casa-ResinoFrancisco Soler
Oct 22, 2008·Environment International·Nigel G YoccozJannech Utne Skaare
Jun 25, 2009·Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT·Natasha C Hinkson, Margaret M Whalen
Nov 30, 2010·Environmental Management·Sander JanssenMartin K van Ittersum
Dec 28, 2011·Ambio·Stefan LöfgrenBo Thunholm
May 3, 2019·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Cesar N Pegoraro, Eduardo D Wannaz
Jan 7, 2015·Environmental Science & Technology·Sun JianxianHu Jianying