Ten key messages regarding embolic stroke of undetermined source and cryptogenic stroke

Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin
P BöttgerM Buerke

Abstract

Cryptogenic stroke is a cerebral infarction where no source of cardioembolic events, no microangiopathy with lacunar infarcts, and no macroangiopathy with high-grade stenosis of the cerebral arteries can be detected. However, cryptogenic stroke is not operationally defined. The new concept of the embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) is defined as a nonlacunar stroke in cerebral imaging and exclusion of significant stenosis of the cerebral arteries by angiographic or ultrasound techniques. Cardiac embolic sources must be excluded by ECG monitoring and echocardiography. At the moment, secondary prevention in patients with ESUS is performed with acetylsalicylic acid. The question of whether non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOAK) are effective in these patients for secondary prevention is currently being investigated in randomized trials. The acute treatment of cryptogenic stroke/ESUS does not differ from other stroke subtypes because the stroke etiology is often not known initially, but can be identified during the course of treatment in the stroke unit.

References

May 1, 1988·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·M A FoulkesD B Hier
Jul 1, 1984·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·S C KunitzP A Wolf
Dec 14, 1995·The New England Journal of Medicine·UNKNOWN National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group
Dec 3, 1999·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·G W PettyD O Wiebers
May 8, 2000·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·G W PettyD O Wiebers
Aug 2, 2003·Annals of Neurology·Oh Young BangKyoon Huh
Oct 22, 2005·Annals of Neurology·Hakan AyWalter J Koroshetz
Sep 29, 2007·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Hakan AyA Gregory Sorensen
Mar 1, 2008·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Mikael MazighiPierre Amarenco
May 1, 2010·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Andreas HarloffMichael Markl
Oct 15, 2011·Heart·Kye Taek AhnSeung Woo Park
Jan 13, 2012·The New England Journal of Medicine·Jeff S HealeyUNKNOWN ASSERT Investigators
May 15, 2013·Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography·Mohannad Y AbushoraMarcus F Stoddard
Mar 19, 2014·Circulation·Michela BrambattiUNKNOWN ASSERT Investigators
Mar 22, 2014·Lancet Neurology·Robert G HartUNKNOWN Cryptogenic Stroke/ESUS International Working Group
May 3, 2014·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Walter N KernanUNKNOWN American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and
Jun 19, 2014·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Ava L LibermanShyam Prabhakaran
Jul 24, 2014·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Hooman KamelPeter M Okin
Nov 8, 2014·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·George NtaiosKonstantinos Vemmos
Jan 20, 2015·European Journal of Neurology : the Official Journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies·A C Fonseca, J M Ferro
May 26, 2016·The New England Journal of Medicine·Jeffrey L Saver
Mar 8, 2017·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Robert G HartStuart J Connolly
Sep 14, 2017·The New England Journal of Medicine·Lars SøndergaardUNKNOWN Gore REDUCE Clinical Study Investigators
Sep 14, 2017·The New England Journal of Medicine·Jeffrey L SaverUNKNOWN RESPECT Investigators

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyū no shinpo
Teruyuki Hirano
Annals of Saudi Medicine
Mohammad Javad ZibaeenezhadSeyyed Javad Banani
Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine
Kazuo Kitagawa
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved