Testing Causal Effects of Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy on Offspring's Externalizing and Internalizing Behavior

Behavior Genetics
C V DolanDorret I Boomsma

Abstract

Maternal smoking during pregnancy (SDP) is associated with increased risk of externalizing and internalizing behaviors in offspring. Two explanations (not mutually exclusive) for this association are direct causal effects of maternal SDP and the effects of genetic and environmental factors common to parents and offspring which increase smoking as well as problem behaviors. Here, we examined the associations between parental SDP and mother rated offspring externalizing and internalizing behaviors (rated by the Child Behavior Checklist/2-3) at age three in a population-based sample of Dutch twins (N = 15,228 pairs). First, as a greater effect of maternal than of paternal SDP is consistent with a causal effect of maternal SDP, we compared the effects of maternal and paternal SDP. Second, as a beneficial effect of quitting smoking before pregnancy is consistent with the causal effect, we compared the effects of SDP in mothers who quit smoking before pregnancy, and mothers who continued to smoke during pregnancy. All mothers were established smokers before their pregnancy. The results indicated a greater effect of maternal SDP, compared to paternal SDP, for externalizing, aggression, overactive and withdrawn behavior. Quitting smoki...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 23, 2016·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Anni-Julia MäättäJaro Karppinen
Dec 12, 2017·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Hamdi MbarekJacqueline M Vink
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Nov 18, 2019·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Mikael O EkbladValerie S Knopik
Oct 17, 2019·World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP·Joyce TienJianghong Liu
Jul 12, 2017·Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health·Angela D ParadisStephen L Buka
Sep 9, 2020·Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology·Bereket DukoRosa Alati
Jan 12, 2019·NPJ Science of Learning·Jenny van DongenUNKNOWN BIOS consortium
Nov 1, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Mikael O EkbladValerie S Knopik
Aug 17, 2021·Frontiers in Psychiatry·Veronika V OdintsovaJenny van Dongen
Aug 9, 2016·Neurotoxicology and Teratology·Stephanie A GodleskiMarilyn A Huestis
Feb 26, 2019·Pediatrics·Andre SouranderAlan S Brown

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Software Mentioned

OpenMx
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