Testing five hypotheses of sexual segregation in an arctic ungulate

The Journal of Animal Ecology
Leif Egil LoeNils Chr Stenseth

Abstract

1. Sexual segregation occurs in most species of sexually dimorphic ungulates. At least five not mutually exclusive hypotheses have been formulated to explain patterns of social, habitat and spatial segregation; the indirect competition hypothesis (H1), the nutritional needs hypothesis (H2), the activity budget hypothesis (H3), the weather sensitivity hypothesis (H4), and the predation risk hypothesis (H5). 2. Each hypothesis has a unique set of predictions with respect to the occurrence of segregation, and how seasonality, density dependence and reproductive status affect sexual segregation. 3. We tested this set of predictions in order to separate the hypotheses H1-H5 for patterns of sexual segregation of the Svalbard reindeer based on 9 years data on seasonal estimates of spatial, habitat and social (i.e. grouping with their own sex) segregation in combination with resource selection functions. 4. Our results do not support that one single mechanism causes segregation. The activity budget hypothesis, the nutritional needs hypothesis and the weather sensitivity hypothesis were all partially supported, while the predation risk hypothesis was discarded for Svalbard reindeer because predators have been absent for at least 5000 ye...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 28, 2012·Ecology·Aaron B A ShaferDavid W Coltman
Apr 30, 2010·Ecology·Audun StienRolf Langvatn
Jan 31, 2008·Ecology·Christophe BonenfantDaniel Chessel
Dec 8, 2010·Physiology & Behavior·Dawn M O'NealEllen D Ketterson
Jun 13, 2008·The Journal of Animal Ecology·C T HayP J Funston
Aug 14, 2008·The Journal of Animal Ecology·Gail SchofieldGraeme C Hays
Jul 28, 2017·Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology·Mark A WhitesideJoah R Madden
Jun 7, 2021·The Journal of Animal Ecology·Florian OrgeretPierre A Pistorius
Sep 21, 2021·The Journal of Animal Ecology·Gabriel PigeonAudun Stien

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