Testing for environmentally induced bias in phenotypic estimates of natural selection: theory and practice

The American Naturalist
John R StinchcombeR Mauricio

Abstract

Measuring natural selection has been a fundamental goal of evolutionary biology for more than a century, and techniques developed in the last 20 yr have provided relatively simple means for biologists to do so. Many of these techniques, however, share a common limitation: when applied to phenotypic data, environmentally induced covariances between traits and fitness can lead to biased estimates of selection and misleading predictions about evolutionary change. Utilizing estimates of breeding values instead of phenotypic data with these methods can eliminate environmentally induced bias, although this approach is more difficult to implement. Despite this potential limitation to phenotypic methods and the availability of a potential solution, little empirical evidence exists on the extent of environmentally induced bias in phenotypic estimates of selection. In this article, we present a method for detecting bias in phenotypic estimates of selection and demonstrate its use with three independent data sets. Nearly 25% of the phenotypic selection gradients estimated from our data are biased by environmental covariances. We find that bias caused by environmental covariances appears mainly to affect quantitative estimates of the stren...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 23, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Matthieu DelcourtHoward D Rundle
Jan 24, 2008·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Jarrod D Hadfield
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