Testing hypotheses in macroevolution

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
Lindell Bromham

Abstract

Experimental manipulation of microevolution (changes in frequency of heritable traits in populations) has shed much light on evolutionary processes. But many evolutionary processes occur on scales that are not amenable to experimental manipulation. Indeed, one of the reasons that macroevolution (changes in biodiversity over time, space and lineages) has sometimes been a controversial topic is that processes underlying the generation of biological diversity generally operate at scales that are not open to direct observation or manipulation. Macroevolutionary hypotheses can be tested by using them to generate predictions then asking whether observations from the biological world match those predictions. Each study that identifies significant correlations between evolutionary events, processes or outcomes can generate new predictions that can be further tested with different datasets, allowing a cumulative process that may narrow down on plausible explanations, or lead to rejection of other explanations as inconsistent or unsupported. A similar approach can be taken even for unique events, for example by comparing patterns in different regions, lineages, or time periods. I will illustrate the promise and pitfalls of these approach...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 17, 2016·Studies in History and Philosophy of Science·Adrian Currie, Derek Turner
Dec 2, 2020·PloS One·Cecilia Padilla-IglesiasLucio Vinicius
Sep 23, 2021·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Scott LidgardLee Hsiang Liow

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