PMID: 9416389Jan 7, 1998Paper

Tetanus: pathophysiology and management

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
M E ErnstM N Marangos

Abstract

To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of tetanus and its complications. MEDLINE and Iowa Drug Information Services databases were searched for literature pertaining to tetanus. Additional literature was obtained from the references of selected articles identified in the search. Information from all articles was considered for inclusion in the manuscript. Articles selected were those considered by the authors to assist in providing the reader an understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of tetanus. While the number of tetanus cases has decreased markedly since data reporting for the disease began in 1947, mortality among those who acquire the disease remains high. Elderly patients are particularly susceptible to tetanus and its complications. Prevention of tetanus focuses on primary immunization and scheduled boosters. Management of tetanus involves initial stabilization of the patient and protection of the airway, prevention of tetanospasmin absorption by administration of human tetanus immune globulin 3000-6000 IU, and eradication of Clostridium tetani with antimicrobial therapy (metronidazole 500 mg q8h). Sup...Continue Reading

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