TGF-β in radiotherapy: Mechanisms of tumor resistance and normal tissues injury.

Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society
Bagher FarhoodMasoud Najafi

Abstract

Emerging evidences show that changes in tumor stroma can adapt cancer cells to radiotherapy, thereby leading to a reduction in tumor response to treatment. On the other hand, radiotherapy is associated with severe reactions in normal tissues which limit the amount radiation dose received by tumor. These challenges open a window in radiobiology and radiation oncology to explore mechanisms for improving tumor response and also alleviate side effects of radiotherapy. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a well-known and multitasking cytokine that regulates a wide range of reactions and interactions within tumor and normal tissues. Within tumor microenvironment (TME), TGF-β is the most potent suppressor of immune system activity against cancer cells. This effect is mediated through stimulation of CD4+ which differentiates to T regulatory cells (Tregs), infiltration of fibroblasts and differentiation into cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and also polarization of macrophages to M2 cells. These changes lead to suppression of cytotoxic CD8 + T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells to kill cancer cells. TGF-β also plays a key role in the angiogenesis, invasion and DNA damage responses (DDR) in cancer cells. In norm...Continue Reading

Citations

Jun 15, 2020·Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine·Bin WangXin Jiang
Jul 30, 2020·Scientific Reports·Elizabeth A Kosmacek, Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
Dec 3, 2020·Critical Reviews in Oncology/hematology·Keywan Mortezaee, Masoud Najafi
Dec 16, 2020·Cells·Peter W Nagle, Robert P Coppes
Jul 20, 2020·International Immunopharmacology·Milad AshrafizadehMasoud Najafi
Apr 4, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Galina F MedvedevaMarina S Dukhinova
May 1, 2021·Brain Sciences·Ana M Hernández-Vega, Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
Aug 3, 2020·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Wenjuan WangAihua Zhang
Jun 8, 2021·Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics·Xiao FuMasoud Najafi
Jun 9, 2021·Phytotherapy Research : PTR·Libo Chen, Ahmed Eleojo Musa
Jun 26, 2021·International Immunopharmacology·Qi Mu, Masoud Najafi
Jun 20, 2021·Life Sciences·Sahar SheikholeslamiBagher Farhood
Jul 25, 2021·European Journal of Pharmacology·Qi Mu, Masoud Najafi
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Aug 1, 2021·International Journal of Radiation Biology·Annum DawoodColin Seymour
Aug 11, 2021·BioFactors·Xiao FuMasoud Najafi
Sep 26, 2021·Apoptosis : an International Journal on Programmed Cell Death·Xiao FuMasoud Najafi
Oct 7, 2021·Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling·Zihong WuMasoud Najafi
Nov 12, 2021·The Journal of Medical Investigation : JMI·Shohei OkikawaMitsuo Shimada

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