Th1 memory differentiates recombinant from live herpes zoster vaccines

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
M J LevinA Weinberg

Abstract

The adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein E (gE) subunit herpes zoster vaccine (HZ/su) confers higher protection against HZ than the live attenuated zoster vaccine (ZV). To understand the immunologic basis for the different efficacies of the vaccines, we compared immune responses to the vaccines in adults 50 to 85 years old. gE-specific T cells were very low/undetectable before vaccination when analyzed by FluoroSpot and flow cytometry. Both ZV and HZ/su increased gE-specific responses, but at peak memory response (PMR) after vaccination (30 days after ZV or after the second dose of HZ/su), gE-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were 10-fold or more higher in HZ/su compared with ZV recipients. Comparing the vaccines, T cell memory responses, including gE-IL-2+ and VZV-IL-2+ spot-forming cells (SFCs), were higher in HZ/su recipients and cytotoxic and effector responses were lower. At 1 year after vaccination, all gE-Th1 and VZV-IL-2+ SFCs remained higher in HZ/su compared with ZV recipients. Mediation analyses showed that IL-2+ PMR were necessary for the persistence of Th1 responses to either vaccine and VZV-IL-2+ PMR explained 73% of the total effect of HZ/su on persistence. This emphasizes the biological imp...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 5, 2018·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Catia T PercianiKelly S MacDonald
Jan 25, 2019·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Myron J Levin, Adriana Weinberg
Apr 5, 2019·The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences·Janet E McElhaneyGraham Pawelec
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Sep 5, 2018·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Anne A Gershon
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Feb 11, 2021·American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·Cedric HirzelDeepali Kumar
Feb 24, 2021·BMJ : British Medical Journal·Anthony L CunninghamMyron J Levin
May 11, 2020·The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology·Claire E GustafsonJörg J Goronzy
Mar 26, 2021·Journal of Virology·D Scott SchmidMyron J Levin
Dec 2, 2021·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Michael J JohnsonAdriana Weinberg

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT02114333

Software Mentioned

R function vglm
ELISpot
FlowJo ( Tree Star
package VGAM

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