The 2004 Aschoff/Pittendrigh lecture: Theory of the origin of the pineal gland--a tale of conflict and resolution

Journal of Biological Rhythms
D C Klein

Abstract

A theory is presented that explains the evolution of the pinealocyte from the common ancestral photoreceptor of both the pinealocyte and retinal photoreceptor. Central to the hypothesis is the previously unrecognized conflict between the two chemistries that define these cells-melatonin synthesis and retinoid recycling. At the core of the conflict is the formation of adducts composed of two molecules of retinaldehyde and one molecule of serotonin, analogous to formation in the retina of the toxic bis-retinyl ethanolamine (A2E). The hypothesis argues that early in chordate evolution, at a point before the genes required for melatonin synthesis were acquired, retinaldehyde--which is essential for photon capture--was depleted by reacting with naturally occurring arylalkylamines (tyramine, serotonin, tryptamine, phenylethylamine) and xenobiotic arylalkylamines. This generated toxic bis-retinyl arylalkylamines (A2AAs). The acquisition of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) prevented this by N-acetylating the arylalkylamines. Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase enhanced detoxification in the primitive photoreceptor by increasing the lipid solubility of serotonin and bis-retinyl serotonin. After the serotonin --> melatonin pathwa...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 9, 2011·Cell and Tissue Research·Diego M BustosDavid C Klein
Dec 24, 2008·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Michael J BaileyDavid C Klein
Apr 25, 2012·Development, Growth & Differentiation·Yuki MuranishiTakahisa Furukawa
Dec 31, 2009·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Dun-Xian TanRussel J Reiter
Jun 16, 2011·Marine Drugs·Bina Zilberman-PeledYoav Gothilf
Dec 20, 2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Jack FalcónDavid C Klein
Oct 19, 2012·Neurochemical Research·Martin F RathMorten Møller
May 12, 2006·Chronobiology International·Valér J Csernus
May 12, 2006·Chronobiology International·Gianluca TosiniP Michael Iuvone
May 12, 2006·Chronobiology International·David C Klein
Sep 11, 2012·Experimental Eye Research·Gianluca TosiniP Michael Iuvone
Mar 22, 2007·Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism : TEM·Erik Maronde, Jörg H Stehle
May 1, 2007·Experimental Eye Research·Martin F RathMorten Møller
Jun 9, 2009·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·Reiko ToyamaIgor B Dawid
Jun 15, 2006·Photochemistry and Photobiology·Hiroaki Mano, Yoshitaka Fukada
Jul 5, 2006·The FEBS Journal·S R Pandi-PerumalR Hardeland
Jul 17, 2007·Journal of Neurochemistry·Estela M MuñozDavid C Klein
Jun 7, 2008·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·Gianluca TosiniP Michael Iuvone
Jul 30, 2011·Journal of Neurochemistry·Louise RovsingDavid C Klein
Jul 14, 2011·Journal of Neurochemistry·Kristian RohdeMartin F Rath
May 16, 2006·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Steven L Coon, David C Klein
May 12, 2006·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Esther IsornaJack Falcón
Nov 18, 2005·Experimental Eye Research·Laurence BesseauJack Falcón
Apr 23, 2005·Progress in Retinal and Eye Research·P Michael IuvoneShyam S Chaurasia
Mar 22, 2014·Brain Structure & Function·Fumiyoshi YamazakiMartin F Rath
Oct 20, 2009·Cell·King-Wai Yau, Roger C Hardie
Mar 29, 2016·Journal of Pineal Research·Haijie YuBertil Hille
Jul 23, 2009·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·David C KleinSteven L Coon
May 4, 2017·Journal of Biological Rhythms·Peter S BacklundDavid C Klein
Dec 14, 2006·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·David C Klein
Nov 2, 2006·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Maria Ana ContinMario E Guido
Dec 7, 2019·Journal of Pineal Research·Mikkel B CarstensenMartin F Rath

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