The 8th lung cancer TNM classification and clinical staging system: review of the changes and clinical implications

Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery
Wanyin LimSaeed Mirsadraee

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. Clinical staging plays a crucial role in predicting survivor as well as influencing management option in lung cancer patients. Guidelines are constantly being reviewed as more data becomes available to provide the most accurate prognostic markers, hence aiding in the clinical detection and staging of lung cancer. Since its introduction in the 1970s, the TNM staging has undergone significant revisions with the latest, 8th edition, being effective internationally from 2018. This edition re-categorizes the tumour size and other non-quantitative tumour descriptors (T), and further subclassifies extra-thoracic metastases (M). The clinical nodal (N) classifier is unchanged as the earlier version correlates well with prognosis. The downstream effects on staging to accommodate for the new T and M classifications are highlighted. The survival is inversely proportional to every centimeter increase in tumour size up till 7 cm, where the same prognosis as a T4 disease is reached. Hence, some of the T-classifiers based on size of the tumour is upstaged to reflect that. Invasion of the diaphragm is considered T4 instead of T3. On the other hand, involvement of the main b...Continue Reading

Citations

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