The AAPM/RSNA physics tutorial for residents. X-ray interactions

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
J T Bushberg

Abstract

The diagnostic information in a radiograph or fluoroscopic image is largely the result of the quantity of x rays that are not removed from the incident x-ray beam. The information content of the image is delivered by the percentage of noninteracting photons that are successfully recorded. There are four major x-ray interactions: Rayleigh (coherent) scattering. Compton scattering, photoelectric absorption, and pair production. The degree of attenuation and the predominant mechanisms involved in the interactions are influenced by the x-ray energy and tissue composition. In the diagnostic energy range, photoelectric absorption and Compton scattering are the predominant modes of attenuation. One of the challenges in diagnostic imaging is to optimize image acquisition by controlling x-ray attenuation to obtain the appropriate contrast between the tissues while minimizing patient dose and scattered radiation in the image. Imaging techniques such as use of contrast material and dedicated mammography equipment exploit the differences in these types of x-ray interactions to improve the quality and diagnostic utility of the examination. Rayleigh scattering and pair production are presented but do not occur to any significant degree in di...Continue Reading

Citations

Apr 12, 2013·Pediatric Radiology·Mark Halverson, Sabah Servaes
Feb 22, 2008·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·Romain GrosjeanJacques Hubert
Sep 14, 2010·Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·Karen M WieselerManjiri K Dighe
May 14, 2010·Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·Mi-Jin KangHyun Ju Lee
May 17, 2011·Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·Michael J ModicaMartin L Gunn
Jan 14, 2016·Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·Alexi OtrakjiMannudeep K Kalra
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Apr 28, 2021·Physics in Medicine and Biology·Zaifeng ShiJunyu Qi

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