The Absence of (p)ppGpp Renders Initiation of Escherichia coli Chromosomal DNA Synthesis Independent of Growth Rates.

MBio
Llorenç Fernández-CollM Cashel

Abstract

The initiation of Escherichia coli chromosomal DNA replication starts with the oligomerization of the DnaA protein at repeat sequences within the origin (ori) region. The amount of ori DNA per cell directly correlates with the growth rate. During fast growth, the cell generation time is shorter than the time required for complete DNA replication; therefore, overlapping rounds of chromosome replication are required. Under these circumstances, the ori region DNA abundance exceeds the DNA abundance in the termination (ter) region. Here, high ori/ter ratios are found to persist in (p)ppGpp-deficient [(p)ppGpp0] cells over a wide range of balanced exponential growth rates determined by medium composition. Evidently, (p)ppGpp is necessary to maintain the usual correlation of slow DNA replication initiation with a low growth rate. Conversely, ori/ter ratios are lowered when cell growth is slowed by incrementally increasing even low constitutive basal levels of (p)ppGpp without stress, as if (p)ppGpp alone is sufficient for this response. There are several previous reports of (p)ppGpp inhibition of chromosomal DNA synthesis initiation that occurs with very high levels of (p)ppGpp that stop growth, as during the stringent starvation res...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 29, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Anurag Kumar SinhaLeise Riber
Nov 10, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Llorenç Fernández-Coll, Michael Cashel
Dec 22, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Shivani KundraJosé A Lemos
Sep 30, 2020·FEMS Microbiology Reviews·Alix MeunierManuel Campos
Nov 6, 2020·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Sophie E IrvingRebecca M Corrigan
Mar 8, 2021·Current Opinion in Microbiology·François BeaufayRégis Hallez
May 2, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Mia PanlilioMarco Cosentino Lagomarsino

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
flow cytometry
acetylation

Software Mentioned

Tree Star
FlowJo
Excel
bcl2fastq
SeqMonk
MATLAB
Galaxy
TrimGalore
SuperSegger

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