The accumulative effects of modifiable risk factors on inflammation and haemostasis

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Mark Hamer, Emmanual Stamatakis

Abstract

Various modifiable risk factors have been associated with inflammation and haemostasis, although the accumulative effects have not yet been examined. We therefore explored additive and independent associations of modifiable risk factors (smoking, alcohol, cholesterol, obesity, hypertension, physical activity) with inflammatory (CRP) and haemostatic (fibrinogen) markers. Data were collected from a sample of 7670 healthy asymptomatic participants (45.9% men, aged 46.2+/-15.6 years). A graded increase in the risk of inflammation (CRP> or =3 mg/L) with increasing numbers of modifiable risk factors was demonstrated (odds ratio for > or =4 risk factors=5.09, 95% CI, 3.96-6.55). Similar associations were found in relation to haemostasis. Central adiposity was the strongest independent predictor of inflammation (OR=3.45, 95% CI, 3.07-3.87) although smoking most strongly predicted haemostasis (OR=2.19, 95% CI, 1.94-2.48). These findings suggest that targeting multiple risk factors is likely to have the greatest benefit for cardiovascular prevention.

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Citations

May 4, 2010·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Raul A MartinsAna Maria Teixeira
Jun 2, 2014·Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD·G C KabatT E Rohan
Mar 15, 2016·Neurobiology of Aging·Stefanie SchreiberWilliam Jagust
Sep 16, 2009·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Janice K Kiecolt-GlaserLiisa Hantsoo
Feb 18, 2016·Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis : an International Journal in Haemostasis and Thrombosis·Azra Riaz, Rafeeq A Khan
Dec 20, 2008·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·Mark HamerEmmanuel Stamatakis
Feb 20, 2014·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Bethany J HowardDavid W Dunstan
Oct 16, 2013·Psychology & Health·Maša Černelič-Bizjak, Zala Jenko-Pražnikar
May 13, 2018·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Moisés E Bauer, Antonio L Teixeira
May 1, 2012·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Brandt D PenceJeffrey A Woods
Jul 25, 2015·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Sónia C S AndradeGreg W Rouse

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