The ACEF II Risk Score for cardiac surgery: updated but still parsimonious

European Heart Journal
Marco RanucciLorenzo Menicanti

Abstract

The age, creatinine, and ejection fraction (ACEF) score was introduced in 2009 and is presently included in the guidelines for myocardial revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology and Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery as a risk stratification tool for surgical and percutaneous myocardial revascularization. The present study introduces an updated version of the ACEF (ACEF II) inclusive of emergency surgery and pre-operative anaemia. The development series includes 7011 consecutive cardiac surgery patients operated at a single institution. The validation series includes 1687 consecutive cardiac surgery patients operated in a different institution. The five factors included in the ACEF II were assessed in a multivariable logistic regression model testing their independent role as predictors of operative (in hospital or 30 days after surgery) mortality. Based on the odds ratio of each predictor, the ACEF II score is calculated as age(years)/ejection fraction (%). Additional points are attributed to a serum creatinine level > 2 mg/dL (2 points), emergency surgery (3 points) and anaemia [haematocrit (HCT) < 36%, 0.2 points per each HCT point below 36%]. The final model was well calibrated. Discrimination of the AC...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 12, 2017·European Heart Journal·Ahmed AfifiMagdi Yacoub
Oct 28, 2019·EuroIntervention : Journal of EuroPCR in Collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology·Patrick W SerruysYoshinobu Onuma
Apr 7, 2020·Minerva anestesiologica·Marco Ranucci
Jun 16, 2018·European Heart Journal·Thomas F Lüscher
Aug 4, 2020·Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia·Marco RanucciEkaterina Baryshnikova
Jul 28, 2020·Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia·Tim CoulsonRinaldo Bellomo
May 29, 2021·The Annals of Thoracic Surgery·Zan MitrevRodney Rosalia

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