The alpine violet, Viola biflora, is a rich source of cyclotides with potent cytotoxicity

Phytochemistry
Anders HerrmannUlf Göransson

Abstract

The cyclotides are currently the largest known family of head-to-tail cyclic proteins. The complex structure of these small plant proteins, which consist of approximately 30 amino acid residues, contains both a circular peptide backbone and a cystine knot, the combination of which produces the cyclic cystine knot motif. To date, cyclotides have been found in plants from the Rubiaceae, Violaceace and Cucurbitaceae families, and are believed to be part of the host defence system. In addition to their insecticidal effect, cyclotides have also been shown to be cytotoxic, anti-HIV, antimicrobial and haemolytic agents. In this study, we show that the alpine violet Viola biflora (Violaceae) is a rich source of cyclotides. The sequences of 11 cyclotides, vibi A-K, were determined by isolation and MS/MS sequencing of proteins and screening of a cDNA library of V. biflora in parallel. For the cDNA screening, a degenerate primer against a conserved (AAFALPA) motif in the cyclotide precursor ER signal sequence yielded a series of predicted cyclotide sequences that were correlated to those of the isolated proteins. There was an apparent discrepancy between the results of the two strategies as only one of the isolated proteins could be ident...Continue Reading

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Feb 4, 2011·European Biophysics Journal : EBJ·Norelle L DalyDavid J Craik
May 22, 2010·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Teshome Leta AboyeUlf Göransson
Feb 18, 2014·Journal of Natural Products·Robert BurmanUlf Göransson
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