The amplifying influence of increased ocean stratification on a future year without a summer

Nature Communications
J T FasulloE Wahl

Abstract

In 1816, the coldest summer of the past two centuries was observed over northeastern North America and western Europe. This so-called Year Without a Summer (YWAS) has been widely attributed to the 1815 eruption of Indonesia's Mt. Tambora and was concurrent with agricultural failures and famines worldwide. To understand the potential impacts of a similar future eruption, a thorough physical understanding of the YWAS is crucial. Climate model simulations of both the 1815 Tambora eruption and a hypothetical analogous future eruption are examined, the latter occurring in 2085 assuming a business-as-usual climate scenario. Here, we show that the 1815 eruption drove strong responses in both the ocean and cryosphere that were fundamental to driving the YWAS. Through modulation of ocean stratification and near-surface winds, global warming contributes to an amplified surface climate response. Limitations in using major volcanic eruptions as a constraint on cloud feedbacks are also found.

References

Apr 24, 2010·Science·Edward R CookWilliam E Wright
Mar 31, 2015·Geophysical Research Letters·Richard P AllanPier-Luigi Vidale
Oct 28, 2015·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Francesco S R PausataDavid S Battisti
Aug 11, 2016·Scientific Reports·J T FasulloB Hamlington
Nov 11, 2016·Scientific Reports·J T FasulloB Hamlington
Feb 10, 2017·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Samantha StevensonChaochao Gao
Jul 1, 2016·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Climate Change·Christoph C RaibleMartin Wegmann

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Citations

Jul 3, 2019·Scientific Reports·L S VeronaS Stevenson
Jul 8, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Benjamin A BlackCharles G Bardeen

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