PMID: 9179466Mar 1, 1997Paper

The association between retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular disease and long-term metabolic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 5 year follow-up study of 442 adult patients in routine care

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
C D AgardhO Torffvit

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine mean HbA1c and blood pressure levels during a 5 year period in 442 type 1 adult diabetic patients in relation to the incidence and progression of retinopathy, nephropathy and to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The study showed, that in patients under routine care at a diabetic unit with four visits to the out-patient clinic per year, the intraindividual coefficient of variation for HbA1c values was 11 +/- 4% (mean +/- S.D.), and 7 +/- 3 and 8 +/- 2% for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. In 121 patients without retinopathy at entry, the 5 year incidence of any retinopathy was 47% (n = 57). Patients who developed retinopathy had higher mean HbA1c levels (P < 0.01), as well as mean systolic (P < 0.01) and diastolic (P < 0.05) blood pressure levels. In 123 patients with background retinopathy at entry, progression to severe retinopathy, i.e. clinically significant macular oedema, severe non-proliferative or proliferative retinopathy, occurred in 41% (n = 51). In those patients, the degree of metabolic control was worse (P < 0.001), the systolic (P < 0.05) and diastolic (P < 0.01) blood pressure levels were higher. The patients were stratified into four groups ac...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 5, 2010·Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Für Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie·Toke Bek
Sep 12, 2001·Current Hypertension Reports·E Basta, G Bakris
May 23, 1998·Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice·M Lövestam-AdrianC D Agardh
Sep 28, 1999·Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice·M Lövestam-AdrianC D Agardh
Dec 1, 2008·Endocrinología y nutrición : órgano de la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición·Lluís VilaRicardo Alemán
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Jul 4, 2013·BMC Medicine·Philip I BurgessNicholas A V Beare
Feb 18, 2014·Diabetologia·Leif GroopJan Nilsson
May 1, 2012·Survey of Ophthalmology·Sobha SivaprasadJennifer Evans
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Nov 26, 2009·Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation·Trine Maria Mejnert JørgensenMads Nybo
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Mar 30, 2006·The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry·Bonnie D Kerker, Martha Morrison Dore
Jun 13, 2006·Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia·Sergio Atala Dib

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