The association of early life exposure to antibiotics and the development of asthma, eczema and atopy in a birth cohort: confounding or causality?

Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology
K WickensNew Zealand Asthma and Allergy Cohort Study Group

Abstract

In general, studies reporting positive associations between antibiotic exposure and respiratory and allergic disease have been unable to determine the nature of this association. To examine the association between antibiotic exposure in infancy and the development of asthma, eczema and atopy in early childhood. In a birth cohort study, we collected reported antibiotic exposure before 3 months and before 15 months along with outcomes (wheeze, asthma, eczema, rash, inhaler use) at 15 months (n=1011) and 4 years (n=986). Atopy was measured using skin prick tests at 15 months. We found significant univariate associations of antibiotic exposure before 3 months with asthma developing between birth and 15 months [OR 2.32 (95% CI 1.45-3.69)]. After adjustment for chest infections, this association reduced (OR=1.58, 95% CI 0.96-2.60) becoming marginally significant (P=0.07). A marginally significant association of antibiotics with atopy (OR=1.44, 95% CI 0.96-2.14) in the univariate analysis also reduced after adjustment for chest infections (OR=1.36, 95% CI 0.91-2.05). There was no effect of antibiotic exposure before 15 months on asthma developing after 15 months and present between 3 and 4 years (OR=1.35 95% CI 0.85-2.14). Antibiotic ...Continue Reading

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