The association of electroconvulsive therapy to pharmacological treatment and its influence on cytokines

Journal of Psychiatric Research
Thiago Fernando Vasconcelos FreireMarcelo Pio de Almeida Fleck

Abstract

A growing body of evidence shows that disturbances in the immune system are involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Although the immune-modulating effects of antidepressants have been described, few studies have addressed the functioning of the immune system in relation to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). This study aims to investigate if the addition of ECT to pharmacotherapy is associated with changes in cytokine levels. Adult inpatients were invited to participate in this study on admission to a psychiatric unit. Those with a diagnosis of depression by Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview were included. At treatment discharge, patients were retrospectively divided into those who used combined ECT and pharmacotherapy (31 subjects) and those who used only pharmacotherapy (68 subjects). Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17, and anti-inflammatory IL-4 and Il-10, were measured in blood samples collected at admission and discharge. A generalized estimating equation model and the post hoc Bonferroni test were performed for statistical analysis. The combination of ECT with pharmacotherapy was associated with a decrease of IL-6 and an increase of TNF-α. Depressive inpatients, as a whole group, h...Continue Reading

Citations

Nov 29, 2017·Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics·Gabriela D ColpoAntonio L Teixeira
Aug 6, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Chieh-Hsin Lee, Fabrizio Giuliani
Apr 7, 2021·The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry : the Official Journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry·Angela CarlierEric van Exel
Jul 17, 2021·Asian Journal of Psychiatry·Narges Shams-AlizadehKhaled Rahmani

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