The auditory cortex and tinnitus – a review of animal and human studies

The European Journal of Neuroscience
Jos J Eggermont

Abstract

Tinnitus is the sound heard in the absence of physical sound sources external or internal to the body. Tinnitus never occurs in isolation; it typically develops after hearing loss, and not infrequently for losses at the higher frequencies not tested in clinical audiology. Furthermore, tinnitus is often accompanied by hyperacusis, i.e. increased loudness sensitivity, which may reflect the central gain change in the auditory system that occurs after hearing loss. I will first review the electrophysiological findings in the thalamus and cortex pertaining to animal research into tinnitus. This will comprise the changes in tonotopic maps, spontaneous firing rates and changes in pairwise neural cross-correlation induced by tinnitus-inducing agents that are commonly used in animal experiments. These are systemic application of sodium salicylate, and noise exposure at levels ranging from those that do not cause a hearing loss, to those that only cause a temporary threshold shift, to those that cause a permanent hearing loss. Following this, I will review neuroimaging and electrophysiological findings in the auditory cortex in humans with tinnitus. The neural substrates of tinnitus derived from animal data do not apply universally, as n...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 20, 2016·International Journal of Toxicology·David V GauvinTheodore J Baird
Jan 6, 2017·Journal of Neurophysiology·Kenichi SekiyaHidehiko Okamoto
Dec 19, 2017·Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience·Dominik GüntenspergerTobias Kleinjung
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May 10, 2020·Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America·Tobias Kleinjung, Berthold Langguth
Mar 27, 2021·Physiological Reviews·A Henton, T Tzounopoulos

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