The avocado genome informs deep angiosperm phylogeny, highlights introgressive hybridization, and reveals pathogen-influenced gene space adaptation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
M. Rendon-AnayaLuis Herrera-Estrella

Abstract

The avocado, Persea americana, is a fruit crop of immense importance to Mexican agriculture with an increasing demand worldwide. Avocado lies in the anciently diverged magnoliid clade of angiosperms, which has a controversial phylogenetic position relative to eudicots and monocots. We sequenced the nuclear genomes of the Mexican avocado race, P. americana var. drymifolia, and the most commercially popular hybrid cultivar, Hass, and anchored the latter to chromosomes using a genetic map. Resequencing of Guatemalan and West Indian varieties revealed that ∼39% of the Hass genome represents Guatemalan source regions introgressed into a Mexican race background. Some introgressed blocks are extremely large, consistent with the recent origin of the cultivar. The avocado lineage experienced 2 lineage-specific polyploidy events during its evolutionary history. Although gene-tree/species-tree phylogenomic results are inconclusive, syntenic ortholog distances to other species place avocado as sister to the enormous monocot and eudicot lineages combined. Duplicate genes descending from polyploidy augmented the transcription factor diversity of avocado, while tandem duplicates enhanced the secondary metabolism of the species. Phenylpropanoi...Continue Reading

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
PRJNA508502

Methods Mentioned

BETA
Illumina sequencing
genetic modification

Software Mentioned

NGSAdmix
Benchmarking Universal Single - Copy Orthologs ( BUSCO )
CoGe SynMap
SNPhylo
SynMap
Kallisto
EIGMIX
CoGe
ANGSD
BadiRate

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