The balance between CONSTANS and TEMPRANILLO activities determines FT expression to trigger flowering

Current Biology : CB
Cristina Castillejo, Soraya Pelaz

Abstract

Seasonal changes in day length influence flowering time in many plant species. In Arabidopsis, flowering is accelerated by exposure to long day (LD). Those inductive photoperiods are perceived in leaves [1] and initiate a long-distance signaling mediated by CO and FT. CO is expressed in the phloem according to a circadian rhythm [2-4]. Only under LD does CO induce FT expression as high levels of CO in the evening coincide with the external light that stabilizes CO protein [4, 5]. Subsequently, FT protein travels through the phloem to the shoot apex where, together with FD, it initiates flowering [6-12]. Despite the photoperiodic induction, a mechanism of floral repression is needed to avoid precocious flowering. We show that TEMPRANILLO genes (TEM1 and TEM2) act as novel direct FT repressors. Molecular and genetic analyses suggest that a quantitative balance between the activator CO and the repressor TEM determines FT levels. Moreover, developmental TEM downregulation marks the timing of flowering, as it shifts the CO/TEM balance in favor of CO activity, allowing FT transcript to reach the threshold level required to trigger flowering. We envision that this might be a general mechanism between long-day plants to ensure a tight ...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Oct 31, 2012·Journal of Biosciences·Moon Young KimSuk-Ha Lee
Jun 25, 2013·Trends in Plant Science·Young Hun SongTakato Imaizumi
Aug 18, 2012·Nature Reviews. Genetics·Fernando Andrés, George Coupland
Apr 6, 2011·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Weiwei DengElizabeth S Dennis
Jun 29, 2011·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Mariko Sawa, Steve A Kay
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Sep 10, 2010·Journal of Experimental Botany·Hye Ryun WooPyung Ok Lim
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Sep 29, 2009·Plant Physiology·Sang Yeol KimZ Renee Sung
Nov 9, 2011·Plant Physiology·Barry CausierBrendan Davies
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May 9, 2014·Annals of Botany·Luis Matías-HernándezSoraya Pelaz
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May 21, 2010·Trends in Genetics : TIG·Amaury de MontaiguGeorge Coupland

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