The basal chorionic trophoblast cell layer: An emerging coordinator of placenta development

BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
Katharina WalentinKai M Schmidt-Ott

Abstract

During gestation, fetomaternal exchange occurs in the villous tree (labyrinth) of the placenta. Development of this structure depends on tightly coordinated cellular processes of branching morphogenesis and differentiation of specialized trophoblast cells. The basal chorionic trophoblast (BCT) cell layer that localizes next to the chorioallantoic interface is of critical importance for labyrinth morphogenesis in rodents. Gcm1-positive cell clusters within this layer initiate branching morphogenesis thereby guiding allantoic fetal blood vessels towards maternal blood sinuses. Later these cells differentiate and contribute to the syncytiotrophoblast of the fetomaternal barrier. Additional cells within the BCT layer sustain continued morphogenesis, possibly through a repopulating progenitor population. Several mouse mutants highlight the importance of a structurally intact BCT epithelium, and a growing number of studies addresses its patterning and epithelial architecture. Here, we review and discuss emerging concepts in labyrinth development focussing on the biology of the BCT cell layer.

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Citations

Feb 27, 2018·Biology of Reproduction·Michael J SoaresKhursheed Iqbal
Jul 26, 2019·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Pu WangYue Xiong
May 26, 2017·The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research·Sevgi IrtegunCagla Karabulut
Nov 7, 2017·Birth Defects Research·Michael J SoaresKeisuke Kozai
Jul 25, 2019·Frontiers in Physiology·Jennifer E OuthwaiteDavid G Simmons
Nov 4, 2020·ELife·Bryan Marsh, Robert Blelloch
Jul 25, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Ciara N MurphyTu'uhevaha J Kaitu'u-Lino
Aug 16, 2021·Journal of Genetics and Genomics = Yi Chuan Xue Bao·Haibin ZhuChao Tang

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