The basic domain of the lentiviral Tat protein is responsible for damages in mouse brain: involvement of cytokines

Virology
V PhilipponP Filippi

Abstract

The HIV and visna lentiviruses induce an inflammatory reaction in the central nervous system (CNS) of the infected hosts leading to dysmyelination, demyelination, and neuronal loss. The basic domain of the transactivating Tat protein has been involved in CNS damage. Infusion of basic containing domain Tat peptides in the lateral ventricle (systemic injection) or in the grey matter, i.e., hippocampus and thalamus (local injection), induced an inflammatory process characterized by the formation of an edema and invasion of macrophage accompanied by reactive astrogliosis. Control peptides originating from either lentiviral proteins or irrelevant protein as ovalbumin did not lead to any inflammatory reaction or cell death. The inflammation led to the loss of ependymal cells in the lateral ventricles and neurons in the grey matter. RNA extracted from the Tat-injected hemisphere reacted with TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha and beta, and IL-6 probes. The macrophage/microglia inducible nitric oxyde synthase was also expressed. Blockade of TNF-alpha by a pentoxifylline treatment led to the decrease of IL-1 and iNOS expression accompanied by a reduction of the volume of the lesions indicating that the Tat-induced lesions might be mediated by TNF pr...Continue Reading

Citations

Apr 5, 2013·Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology·Michelle C PotterBarbara S Slusher
Feb 14, 2003·Journal of Virology·Ilia TikhonovC David Pauza
Apr 16, 1998·Genitourinary Medicine·G Trillo-Pazos, I P Everall
May 30, 2008·Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and Virtual Library·Norman J HaugheyVeera Venkata Ratnam Bandaru
Feb 25, 2005·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Mary Jane PotashDavid J Volsky
Mar 3, 2004·Annals of Neurology·Sheng-Tian LiHideki Matsui
Jun 3, 2006·Journal of Cellular Physiology·Nune Darbinian-SarkissianShohreh Amini
Mar 15, 2008·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Jadwiga Turchan-CholewoAnnadora J Bruce-Keller
Feb 6, 2008·Journal of Cellular Physiology·Nune DarbinianShohreh Amini
Nov 3, 2004·Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences·Betty Y ZhouJohnny J He
Nov 22, 2005·Neurobiology of Disease·Gareth Jones, Christopher Power
Jun 5, 2012·European Journal of Pharmacology·Sylvia FittingKurt F Hauser
Mar 20, 2003·FEMS Microbiology Letters·Claudio BrigatiAdriana Albini
Sep 30, 2000·Brain Research·A K BansalR M Booze
Sep 15, 1995·Neuroscience Letters·P J StrijbosG Harkiss
May 14, 2005·Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews·Chava B PocernichD Allan Butterfield
Oct 7, 2014·International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience·Landhing M MoranCharles F Mactutus
Sep 1, 1997·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·R B MeekerM Tompkins
Mar 12, 2005·Cell Death and Differentiation·M P MattsonA Nath
Jan 1, 1997·Biological Trace Element Research·E Peterhans

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.