The basic helix-loop-helix protein family: comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis

Genome Research
V Ledent, M Vervoort

Abstract

The basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) proteins are transcription factors that play important roles during the development of various metazoans including fly, nematode, and vertebrates. They are also involved in human diseases, particularly in cancerogenesis. We made an extensive search for bHLH sequences in the completely sequenced genomes of Caenorhabditis elegans and of Drosophila melanogaster. We found 35 and 56 different genes, respectively, which may represent the complete set of bHLH of these organisms. A phylogenetic analysis of these genes, together with a large number (>350) of bHLH from other sources, led us to define 44 orthologous families among which 36 include bHLH from animals only, and two have representatives in both yeasts and animals. In addition, we identified two bHLH motifs present only in yeast, and four that are present only in plants; however, the latter number is certainly an underestimate. Most animal families (35/38) comprise fly, nematode, and vertebrate genes, suggesting that their common ancestor, which lived in pre-Cambrian times (600 million years ago) already owned as many as 35 different bHLH genes.

References

Nov 15, 1992·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·S Henikoff, J G Henikoff
Jun 1, 1992·Computer Applications in the Biosciences : CABIOS·D T JonesJ M Thornton
Jan 15, 1992·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·C V DangG J Kato
Oct 5, 1990·Journal of Molecular Biology·S F AltschulD J Lipman
Jun 1, 1970·Systematic Zoology·W M Fitch
May 6, 1993·Nature·A R Ferré-D'AmaréS K Burley
Mar 7, 1996·Nature·E M De Robertis, Y Sasai
Feb 1, 1996·Developmental Biology·P W Holland, J Garcia-Fernàndez
Jan 1, 1996·Advances in Cancer Research·M Henriksson, B Lüscher
Aug 1, 1996·Computer Applications in the Biosciences : CABIOS·R D Page
Dec 1, 1996·Current Opinion in Genetics & Development·A Sidow
Feb 18, 1997·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·N Schreiber-AgusR A DePinho
May 13, 1997·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·W R Atchley, W M Fitch
Dec 6, 1997·Current Opinion in Genetics & Development·R Kageyama, S Nakanishi
Jun 10, 1998·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·A Fisher, M Caudy
Jul 11, 1998·Cell·M K BayliesM Ruiz Gomez
Dec 10, 1998·Nucleic Acids Research·UNKNOWN FlyBase Consortium
Dec 16, 1998·Science·UNKNOWN C. elegans Sequencing Consortium
Jan 23, 1999·Current Opinion in Genetics & Development·L Skrabanek, K H Wolfe
Jan 23, 1999·Current Opinion in Genetics & Development·H Philippe, J Laurent
Mar 18, 1999·Development Genes and Evolution·B GalliotD Miller
Apr 10, 1999·Journal of Molecular Evolution·W R AtchleyA Dress
Aug 10, 1999·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·N G SmithL D Hurst

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 17, 2008·Comparative and Functional Genomics·Gregory D AmoutziasErich Bornberg-Bauer
May 19, 2009·Journal of Molecular Evolution·Yong WangZhe Yang
Mar 13, 2002·Mammalian Genome : Official Journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society·Nadean L BrownTom Glaser
Mar 24, 2009·Mammalian Genome : Official Journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society·Xiaodong ZhengKeping Chen
Sep 28, 2007·Development Genes and Evolution·Yong WangZhu Zhi
Feb 6, 2002·Current Opinion in Chemical Biology·Richard R CopleyPeer Bork
Jun 24, 2010·Hybridoma·Akihito HaradaTaro Tachibana
Feb 1, 2011·Journal of Experimental Botany·Imène HichriVirginie Lauvergeat
Nov 28, 2009·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Nuno Pires, Liam Dolan
Nov 25, 2011·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Joshua K SailsberyRalph A Dean
Jun 26, 2007·Nucleic Acids Research·Andreas Fischer, Manfred Gessler
Aug 5, 2003·The Plant Cell·Gabriela Toledo-OrtizPeter H Quail
Nov 18, 2011·Journal of Virology·Martin MarekMonique M van Oers
Jan 11, 2002·Molecular and Cellular Biology·Markus Krüger, Thomas Braun
Oct 16, 2004·Molecular and Cellular Biology·Lynn M PowellAndrew P Jarman
Aug 28, 2012·BMC Evolutionary Biology·Joshua K Sailsbery, Ralph A Dean
Jun 10, 2004·Genome Biology·Susan Jones
Feb 20, 2008·PLoS Computational Biology·Eric R PaquetFelix Naef

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Mammalian Genome : Official Journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society
Xiaodong ZhengKeping Chen
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
William R Atchley, W M Fitch
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved