The basis for haplotype complexity in VCBPs, an immune-type receptor in amphioxus.

Immunogenetics
Larry J DishawGary W Litman

Abstract

Innate immune gene repertoires are restricted primarily to germline variation. Adaptive immunity, by comparison, relies on somatic variation of germline-encoded genes to generate extraordinarily large numbers of non-heritable antigen recognition motifs. Invertebrates lack the key features of vertebrate adaptive immunity, but have evolved a variety of alternative mechanisms to successfully protect the integrity of "self"; in many cases, these appear to be taxon-specific innovations. In the protochordate Branchiostoma floridae (amphioxus), the variable region-containing chitin-binding proteins (VCBPs) constitute a multigene family (comprised of VCBPs 1-5), which possesses features that are consistent with innate immune-type function. A large number of VCBP alleles and haplotypes are shown to exhibit levels of polymorphism exceeding the elevated overall levels determined for the whole amphioxus genome (JGI). VCBP genes of the 2 and 5 types are distinguished further by a highly polymorphic segment (exon 2) in the N-terminal immunoglobulin domain, defined previously as a "hypervariable region" or a "hotspot." Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences from large numbers of animals representing differe...Continue Reading

References

Oct 5, 1990·Journal of Molecular Biology·S F AltschulD J Lipman
May 29, 2000·Trends in Genetics : TIG·P RiceA Bleasby
Feb 23, 2002·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Heather G ShillingPeter Parham
Jun 19, 2004·Current Biology : CB·John P CannonGary W Litman
Jun 25, 2004·Nucleic Acids Research·Michael BrudnoBurkhard Morgenstern
Aug 27, 2004·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Yun-Huei TzengWen-Hsiung Li
Sep 21, 2004·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS·L Z HollandM Schubert
Aug 27, 2005·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Mariana Mondragon-Palomino, Brandon S Gaut
Nov 2, 2005·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Gary W LitmanLarry J Dishaw
Sep 19, 2006·Trends in Immunology·Joachim Kurtz, Sophie A O Armitage
Nov 11, 2006·Science·Jonathan P RastGary W Litman
Mar 30, 2007·Molecular Immunology·Hinrich SchulenburgNico K Michiels
May 10, 2007·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Koichiro TamuraSudhir Kumar
May 22, 2007·Nature Immunology·Gary W Litman, Max D Cooper
Aug 21, 2007·Current Opinion in Immunology·Gary W LitmanJonathan P Rast
Oct 19, 2007·Current Opinion in Genetics & Development·Aaron R Friedman, Barbara J Baker
Jun 20, 2008·Genome Research·Linda Z HollandPeter W H Holland
Jun 20, 2008·Nature·Nicholas H PutnamDaniel S Rokhsar
Feb 10, 2009·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Nolwenn M DheillyDavid A Raftos
May 29, 2009·Nature·Peng GuoMax D Cooper
Jul 25, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Satoshi TasumiZeev Pancer
Dec 22, 2009·Seminars in Immunology·Cynthia Messier-SolekJonathan P Rast

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Sep 21, 2011·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Larry J DishawMaria Rosaria Pinto
Nov 11, 2014·Annual Review of Animal Biosciences·Thomas Boehm, Jeremy B Swann
Dec 4, 2012·Autoimmunity Reviews·Mick BaileyMarie Lewis
Jun 1, 2014·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Shaochun YuanAnlong Xu
Dec 25, 2010·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Julie GhoshL Courtney Smith
Dec 17, 2011·Science China. Life Sciences·YuShuang LinHongWei Zhang
Jan 15, 2014·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·Jacob RimerNir Friedman
Sep 15, 2012·Current Biology : CB·Thomas Boehm
Jan 25, 2011·Current Biology : CB·Rafael D Rosengarten, Matthew L Nicotra
Oct 31, 2014·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Audrey J MajeskeL Courtney Smith
Jun 28, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Matan OrenL Courtney Smith
Jun 8, 2018·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Chunpeng HeJ-Y Chen

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Larry J DishawMaria Rosaria Pinto
Nature Reviews. Immunology
Gary W LitmanSebastian D Fugmann
Seminars in Immunology
Tanya R McKitrick, Anthony W De Tomaso
Current Biology : CB
Matthew L NicotraLeo W Buss
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved