The behavior of an opponent alters pacing decisions in 4-km cycling time trials

Physiology & Behavior
Marco J KoningsFlorentina J Hettinga

Abstract

The present study aimed to explore how athletes respond to different behaviors of their opponents. Twelve moderately to highly physically active participants with at least two years of cycling experience completed four 4-km time trials on a Velotron cycle ergometer. After a familiarization time trial (FAM), participants performed three experimental time trials in randomized order with no opponent (NO), a virtual opponent who started slower and finished faster compared to FAM (OP-SLOWFAST), or a virtual opponent who started faster and finished slower compared to FAM (OP-FASTSLOW). Repeated-measures ANOVAs (P<0.05) were used to examine differences in pacing and performance related to power output, velocity and RPE. OP-SLOWFAST and OP-FASTSLOW were completed faster compared to NO (385.5±27.5, 385.0±28.6, and 390.6±29.3s, respectively). An interaction effect for condition×distance (F=3.944, P<0.001) indicated differences in pacing profiles between conditions. Post-hoc analysis revealed that a less aggressive starting strategy was adopted in NO compared to OP-FASTSLOW and OP-SLOWFAST during the initial 1000m. Finally, a faster starting opponent evokes higher power outputs by the participants in the initial 750m compared to a slower ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 26, 2016·Sports Medicine·Andrew M EdwardsFlorentina J Hettinga
May 21, 2016·Frontiers in Physiology·Noel E BrickMark J Campbell
Aug 26, 2016·Frontiers in Physiology·Benjamin L M SmitsFlorentina J Hettinga
Jul 18, 2017·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Derek BreenRoss Anderson
Jun 29, 2017·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Marco J KoningsFlorentina J Hettinga
Jan 19, 2018·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism·Sunita PotgieterCarine Smith
Sep 6, 2017·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Arthur H BossiJames G Hopker
Oct 17, 2017·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Marco J Konings, Florentina J Hettinga
May 29, 2018·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Arturo Casado, Andrew Renfree
May 23, 2017·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Marco J Konings, Florentina J Hettinga
Jul 26, 2019·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Marco J KoningsFlorentina J Hettinga
Sep 16, 2020·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Marco J Konings, Florentina J Hettinga
May 11, 2018·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Luca FilipasMaria Francesca Piacentini
Aug 21, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Beat KnechtlePantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis
Oct 3, 2019·Journal of Sports Sciences·Tiffany WoodFlorentina J Hettinga
Apr 11, 2019·Frontiers in Physiology·Erik Petrus AnderssonKerry McGawley
Aug 23, 2019·Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport·Stein Gerrit Paul MentingFlorentina Johanna Hettinga
Jan 10, 2017·Frontiers in Physiology·Debbie Van BiesenYves Vanlandewijck
May 26, 2018·Sports Medicine·Marco J Konings, Florentina J Hettinga
Mar 8, 2017·Frontiers in Physiology·Lieke Schiphof-Godart, Florentina J Hettinga
Aug 9, 2018·Frontiers in Psychology·Andrew W HibbertRemco C J Polman
Aug 8, 2019·Frontiers in Sports and Active Living·Florentina J HettingaBrian Hanley
Dec 22, 2020·Frontiers in Sports and Active Living·Allan InoueFlávio Oliveira Pires
Dec 11, 2020·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Rafael A AzevedoGuillaume Y Millet
Feb 27, 2021·European Journal of Sport Science·Stein Gerrit Paul MentingFlorentina Johanna Hettinga
Mar 7, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Sylvia BinkleyJohn P Porcari
Dec 4, 2020·The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness·Leonardo Cesanelli, Alejandro Indaburu
Aug 8, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Claire A MolinariVéronique Billat

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