The Behind-the-Knee test: an efficient model for evaluating mechanical and chemical irritation

Skin Research and Technology : Official Journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)
Miranda Farage

Abstract

The 'Behind-the-Knee' method (BTK test), using the popliteal fossa as a test site, evaluates both the inherent chemical irritation, and the potential for mechanical irritation of substrates and products. This approach eliminates some of the difficulties of in-use clinical test systems while still providing reliable results. In this publication, examples of the results of BTK tests on several materials are presented with direct comparisons, where possible, with results of in-use clinical testing conducted on the same materials. In in-use clinical tests, volunteer panelists were provided with catamenial products to use in place of their normal product. In the BTK test, samples were applied daily to the popliteal fossa using an elastic athletic band. In both studies, irritation reactions were scored visually. Levels of irritation in the BTK test are consistently higher than those of standard patch tests, illustrating the contribution of mechanical irritation to the overall irritant potential of materials and products. Repeated tests on identical test materials demonstrated that the BTK test results are reproducible. Side-by-side comparisons of the BTK test and in-use clinical tests demonstrated that the BTK test produces results o...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1997·Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation·M A Farage-ElawarR W Berg
Sep 14, 2001·Skin Research and Technology : Official Journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)·M A FarageS Baldwin
Apr 3, 2004·Skin Research and Technology : Official Journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)·Miranda A FarageDave Walter
Apr 3, 2004·Skin Research and Technology : Official Journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)·Miranda A FarageDavid Walter

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Citations

May 22, 2007·Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics·Miranda FarageHoward Maibach
Dec 7, 2011·Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology·Miranda A FarageKlaus-P Wilhelm
Jun 12, 2009·Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology·Miranda A FarageHoward Maibach
Nov 28, 2008·Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology·Miranda A FarageHoward I Maibach
Apr 27, 2007·Archives de pédiatrie : organe officiel de la Sociéte française de pédiatrie·G-N ErasalaC Romain
Aug 30, 2012·International Journal of Cosmetic Science·E BerardescaH Maibach
Jun 23, 2010·Contact Dermatitis·Miranda A Farage, Howard I Maibach
May 12, 2010·Skin Research and Technology : Official Journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)·Miranda A Farage
Feb 23, 2019·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Alan J KennedyAnthony J Bednar
Oct 16, 2015·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Lauren CoadMarc Hockings

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