The big squeeze: scaling of constriction pressure in two of the world's largest snakes, Python reticulatus and Python molurus bivittatus

The Journal of Experimental Biology
David A PenningBrad R Moon

Abstract

Snakes are important predators that have radiated throughout many ecosystems, and constriction was important in their radiation. Constrictors immobilize and kill prey by using body loops to exert pressure on their prey. Despite its importance, little is known about constriction performance or its full effects on prey. We studied the scaling of constriction performance in two species of giant pythons (Python reticulatus and Python molurus bivittatus) and propose a new mechanism of prey death by constriction. In both species, peak constriction pressure increased significantly with snake diameter. These and other constrictors can exert pressures dramatically higher than their prey's blood pressure, suggesting that constriction can stop circulatory function and perhaps kill prey rapidly by over-pressurizing the brain and disrupting neural function. We propose the latter 'red-out effect' as another possible mechanism of prey death from constriction. These effects may be important to recognize and treat properly in rare cases when constrictors injure humans.

References

Apr 7, 1978·Science·H W Greene, G M Burghardt
Oct 3, 2008·Medical Hypotheses·A C Courtney, M W Courtney
Jul 24, 2015·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Scott M BobackCharles F Zwemer

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Citations

Mar 17, 2017·The Journal of Experimental Biology·David A Penning, Brad R Moon
Feb 6, 2016·Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological Genetics and Physiology·David A Penning, Schuyler F Dartez
Jan 23, 2018·Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology·William G Ryerson, Weimin Tan
May 2, 2021·Zoology : Analysis of Complex Systems, ZACS·Luis C Elizondo LaraLuis F De León

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