The Biocompatibility Challenges in the Total Artificial Heart Evolution

Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering
Eleonora Dal SassoLaura Iop

Abstract

There are limited therapeutic options for final treatment of end-stage heart failure. Among them, implantation of a total artificial heart (TAH) is an acceptable strategy when suitable donors are not available. TAH development began in the 1930s, followed by a dramatic evolution of the actuation mechanisms operating the mechanical pumps. Nevertheless, the performance of TAHs has not yet been optimized, mainly because of the low biocompatibility of the blood-contacting surfaces. Low hemocompatibility, calcification, and sensitivity to infections seriously affect the success of TAHs. These unsolved issues have led to the withdrawal of many prototypes during preclinical phases of testing. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the pathophysiological events that may occur in the materials that compose TAHs developed to date. In addition, this review illustrates bioengineering strategies to prevent these events and describes the most significant steps toward the achievement of a fully biocompatible TAH.

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Citations

Jun 24, 2020·Heart Failure Reviews·Songren ShuJiangping Song
May 4, 2021·Bioactive Materials·Eleonora Dal SassoMonica Dettin
Jul 28, 2021·Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine·Martina TodescoAndrea Bagno

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
xenograft

Software Mentioned

CARMAT

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