The biology and polymer physics underlying large-scale chromosome organization

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Shelley Sazer, Helmut Schiessel

Abstract

Chromosome large-scale organization is a beautiful example of the interplay between physics and biology. DNA molecules are polymers and thus belong to the class of molecules for which physicists have developed models and formulated testable hypotheses to understand their arrangement and dynamic properties in solution, based on the principles of polymer physics. Biologists documented and discovered the biochemical basis for the structure, function and dynamic spatial organization of chromosomes in cells. The underlying principles of chromosome organization have recently been revealed in unprecedented detail using high-resolution chromosome capture technology that can simultaneously detect chromosome contact sites throughout the genome. These independent lines of investigation have now converged on a model in which DNA loops, generated by the loop extrusion mechanism, are the basic organizational and functional units of the chromosome.

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Citations

Mar 6, 2019·Annual Review of Biophysics·Jyotsana J ParmarChristophe Zimmer
Oct 3, 2019·Annual Review of Genetics·Stanislau YatskevichKim Nasmyth
Mar 15, 2020·Physical Review. E·J NeipelH Schiessel
Oct 7, 2020·Nucleic Acids Research·Vinícius G ContessotoJosé N Onuchic
Oct 4, 2020·Biophysical Journal·Helmut Schiessel
Apr 23, 2021·Nucleic Acids Research·Tetsuya YamamotoHelmut Schiessel
Dec 11, 2019·Biophysical Journal·Jonah A Eaton, Alexandra Zidovska
May 14, 2021·PeerJ·Hanna KranasBartek Wilczynski
Jun 5, 2021·Scientific Reports·Takashi NishioShin-Ichi Sato
Jul 2, 2020·ACS Central Science·Maziar HeidariAlireza Mashaghi

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
neutron scattering
fluorescence microscopy
single cell Hi‐C
light microscopy
GAM

Software Mentioned

Hi

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