PMID: 9443702Jan 27, 1998Paper

The bipolar spectrum: a review of current concepts and implications for the management of depression in primary care

Archives of Family Medicine
J Sloan ManningA Sahai

Abstract

Family physicians inevitably encounter patients with bipolar disorders, often when the patient is depressed. For most of these patients, the attendant elevations in mood fall short of mania. Such milder periods of expansive mood, hypomanias, may go unrecognized unless the physician specifically queries the patient to uncover them. In addition, patients with bipolar disorders often manifest other distinctive characteristics. An understanding of these hints of bipolarity is helpful to clinicians treating depressive illness. Patients with bipolar disorders are at risk for treatment complications caused by the administration of antidepressants without the concurrent use of mood stabilizers, such as lithium carbonate, valproate sodium, and carbamazepine. Such complications include exacerbation of hypomania or mania, induction of refractory states, and, perhaps, rapid cycling or mixed states. We review current issues in classification of bipolar disorders and emphasize the importance of identifying hypomania. An introduction to the concept of affective temperaments and a brief review of treatment strategies and treatment complications are included.

Citations

Feb 15, 2005·Journal of Affective Disorders·Charles L Bowden
Dec 4, 2009·Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry·J Sloan Manning, Susan L McElroy
Jul 25, 2006·Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry·Richard A BrookHarold H Gardner
Aug 28, 2004·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum·M BerkM Tohen
Sep 12, 2007·Bipolar Disorders·Michael BerkPhilip B Mitchell
Nov 7, 1999·The Psychiatric Clinics of North America·J S ManningH S Akiskal
Mar 13, 2010·Journal of Affective Disorders·Ayal SchafferAnthony Levitt
Jul 12, 2008·Nordic Journal of Psychiatry·Outi PoutanenRaimo K R Salokangas
Sep 14, 2004·CNS Spectrums·Claudia F BaldassanoJohn P O'Reardon
Jul 3, 2002·The Nurse Practitioner·Sarah MynattJ Sloan Manning
Jun 10, 2000·Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics·K G MandelH I Jacoby
Aug 7, 2021·Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology·Enrique L M Ochoa

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