The blood-brain barrier and nasal drug delivery to the central nervous system

American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy
Marcel Menon Miyake, Benjamin S Bleier

Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly efficient system that separates the central nervous system (CNS) from general circulation and promotes selective transport of molecules that are essential for brain function. However, it also limits the distribution of systemically administered therapeutics to the brain; therefore, there is a restricted number of drugs available for the treatment of brain disorders. Several drug-targeting strategies have been developed to attempt to bypass the BBB, but none has proved sufficiently effective in reaching the brain. The objective of this study is to generally review these strategies of drug administration to the CNS. Noninvasive methods of drug delivery, such as chemical and biologic transport systems, do not represent a feasible platform, whereas for most drugs, it is still not possible to achieve therapeutic levels within the brain tissue after intravenous or oral administration, and the use of higher potency or more concentrated doses may cause serious toxic side effects. Direct intrathecal drug delivery through a catheter into the CNS also presents several problems. Intranasal drug delivery is a potential alternative method due to the direct transport into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 1, 2017·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Emma M HaysSarah Shigdar
Dec 12, 2017·International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology·Sarina K MuellerBenjamin S Bleier
Aug 19, 2018·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Enrico Bagnoli, Una FitzGerald
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Aug 23, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Cecilia T de BarrosMarco V Chaud
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Jul 7, 2019·The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology·Florent Morfoisse, Agnès Noel
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May 19, 2018·Drug Discovery Today·Arti VashistMadhavan Nair
Apr 13, 2018·Cell Host & Microbe·Rina Barouch-Bentov, Shirit Einav
May 1, 2021·Biomolecules·Julie GregoryRammohan V Rao

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