The bony labyrinth of the middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain)

Journal of Human Evolution
Rolf QuamJuan Luis Arsuaga

Abstract

We performed 3D virtual reconstructions based on CT scans to study the bony labyrinth morphology in 14 individuals from the large middle Pleistocene hominin sample from the site of the Sima de los Huesos (SH) in the Sierra de Atapuerca in northern Spain. The Atapuerca (SH) hominins represent early members of the Neandertal clade and provide an opportunity to compare the data with the later in time Neandertals, as well as Pleistocene and recent humans more broadly. The Atapuerca (SH) hominins do not differ from the Neandertals in any of the variables related to the absolute and relative sizes and shape of the semicircular canals. Indeed, the entire Neandertal clade seems to be characterized by a derived pattern of canal proportions, including a relatively small posterior canal and a relatively large lateral canal. In contrast, one of the most distinctive features observed in Neandertals, the low placement of the posterior canal (i.e., high sagittal labyrinthine index), is generally not present in the Atapuerca (SH) hominins. This low placement is considered a derived feature in Neandertals and is correlated with a more vertical orientation of the ampullar line (LSCm < APA), posterior surface of the petrous pyramid (LSCm > PPp), ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 15, 2016·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Chris Stringer
Mar 4, 2017·Science·Zhan-Yang LiErik Trinkaus
Mar 4, 2020·ELife·Ignacio Martínez, Mercedes Conde-Valverde
Mar 4, 2020·ELife·Alessandro UrciuoliDavid M Alba
Jul 17, 2021·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Sergio SambataroMarco Cicciù

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