The Cancer Epigenome: Exploiting Its Vulnerabilities for Immunotherapy

Trends in Cell Biology
Helen Loo YauDaniel D De Carvalho

Abstract

During cancer initiation and progression, the somatic epigenome is broadly reprogrammed. This reprogramming can be a consequence of several processes, including altered transcriptional profiles and mutations. In addition, immune cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment display a reprogrammed epigenome. For instance, tumor infiltrating T cells frequently exhibit an exhausted phenotype characterized by aberrant DNA methylation. Moreover, these aberrant epigenomes of cancer cells and infiltrating immune cells may represent a cancer vulnerability. Accumulating evidence supports the potential of using epigenetic therapy to not only reactivate silenced genes in cancer cells, but to also increase antitumor immunogenicity, by reactivation of endogenous retroviruses, to increase tumor immune-infiltration, and to reinvigorate T cell exhaustion. These findings highlight the potential synergies between epigenetic therapies and immunotherapy.

Citations

Nov 16, 2019·Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer·Gang XiaoLimin Zheng
Feb 7, 2019·Nature Reviews. Cancer·Peter A JonesDaniel D De Carvalho
Dec 7, 2019·Nature Reviews. Cancer·John H SampsonDavid M Ashley
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Jun 12, 2020·Molecular Oncology·Pedro BlecuaManel Esteller
Aug 6, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Matteo CanaleMatías A Avila
Aug 9, 2020·Clinical Epigenetics·Jeong Yeon KimHyunchul Jung
Sep 11, 2019·Cells·María I Vaquero-Sedas, Miguel A Vega-Palas
Aug 6, 2020·Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer·Kirsty TaylorDaniel D De Carvalho
Sep 10, 2020·Cancers·Antonio Rossi
Oct 13, 2020·Biochemistry. Biokhimii︠a︡·M V NemtsovaA A Zamyatnin
Nov 11, 2020·Nature Communications·Sunil Kumar SainiSine Reker Hadrup
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Feb 14, 2021·Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics·Sarthak SinhaJeff A Biernaskie
Oct 23, 2020·Nature·Parinaz MehdipourDaniel D De Carvalho
Feb 21, 2021·Molecular Cell·Helen Loo YauDaniel D De Carvalho
Apr 4, 2021·Cancer Discovery·Mihaela AldeaJean-Charles Soria
Apr 20, 2021·EBioMedicine·Manuel Castro de MouraManel Esteller
Jun 25, 2021·Cancer Communications·Yun WangRui-Hua Xu
Jul 17, 2021·Frontiers in Oncology·Bonnie L RussellMonde Ntwasa

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