The Case for Use of Simple Difference Scores to Test the Significance of Differences in Mean Rates of Change in Controlled Repeated Measurements Designs

Multivariate Behavioral Research
J E Overall, Scott Tonidandel

Abstract

A previous Monte Carlo study examined the relative powers of several simple and more complex procedures for testing the significance of difference in mean rates of change in a controlled, longitudinal, treatment evaluation study. Results revealed that the relative powers depended on the correlation structure of the simulated repeated measurements. Tests on dropout-weighted linear slope coefficients fitted to all of the available measurements for each participant were found to provide superior power in the presence of compound symmetry (CS), but tests of significance applied to simple baseline-to-endpoint difference scores provided superior power in the presence of a strongly autoregressive (AR) correlation structure. Type I error rates appeared in an acceptable range for both of those analyses. Insofar as the previous study considered only two widely disparate correlation structures, the present work was undertaken to examine where along a continuum of correlation structures lying between strongly AR and CS the power balance shifts from favoring the simple endpoint difference-score analysis to favoring a regression analysis that utilizes all of the available repeated measurements for each participant. With power calculated from...Continue Reading

References

Nov 1, 1967·Psychological Bulletin·F M Lord
Sep 1, 1967·Psychological Bulletin·T G Andrews
Apr 1, 1994·Controlled Clinical Trials·J E Overall, S R Doyle
Sep 15, 1995·Statistics in Medicine·P W LavoriD Shera
Jul 1, 1997·Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics·J E Overall
May 29, 1999·Statistical Methods in Medical Research·J L Schafer
Jun 24, 2000·Journal of Clinical Psychology·J E Overall, C Shivakumar
Jul 1, 2002·Multivariate Behavioral Research·H J KeselmanRhonda K Kowalchuk
Apr 1, 2005·Multivariate Behavioral Research·Guillermo Vallejo, Pablo Livacic-Rojas
Mar 31, 2010·Multivariate Behavioral Research·Rae-Seon Kim, Betsy Jane Becker

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Citations

Nov 30, 2011·Multivariate Behavioral Research·G VallejoE Tuero-Herrero
Sep 17, 2020·New Solutions : a Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy : NS·Paul A LandsbergisDarryl Alexander

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